Genetic transfer in prokaryotes

Question 1

what are the two types of gene transfer

Answer 1

horizontal gene transfer
vertical gene transfer

Question 2

what are the 3 method of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 2

transformation
transduction
conjugation

Question 3

what is vertical gene transfer

Answer 3

genetic information is passed down from the parent cell to its daughter cells

Question 4

what is the process of transformation

Answer 4

the uptake of free genetic material from the environment.

Question 5

what is bacterial competence

Answer 5

a cells ability to uptake genetic information through transformation. only a few species are naturally competent

Question 6

how are cells made to be more competent in a lab

Answer 6

through chemical treatment followed by heat shock
exposure to brief high voltage (electroporation)

Question 7

what is transduction

Answer 7

when bacterial information is moved between cells by vectors. This is usually done by bacterial viruses.

Question 8

how can a virus transfer DNA between bacteria

Answer 8

Specialised transduction
general transduction

Question 9

what is specialised transduction