Genetic talk

Question 1

each cell has how many chromosomes and is called what?

Answer 1

23 chromosome

Haploid

Question 2

ovum & sperm undergo what process?

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

Sex cells only undergo what process?

Answer 3

meiosis

Question 4

gametes are what?

Answer 4

male and female reproductive joins

Question 5

mom & dad each provide what during meiosis?

Answer 5

provide one of the 2 chromosomes in each of the 23 pairs

Question 6

zygote stage results from what happening?

Answer 6

fused gametes

Question 7

after meiosis, how many chromosomes are present?

Answer 7

46 chromosomes

Question 8

Karyotypes are ordered by what two components?

Answer 8

by blood and by cell

Question 9

picture of chromosomes are called what?

Answer 9

karyotype

Question 10

chromosomes 1-22 are called

Answer 10

autosomes “autosomal dominant”

Question 11

give the sex chromosome

Answer 11

23rd chromosome

Question 12

female Karyotype

Answer 12

XX

Question 13

male Karyotype

Answer 13

XY

Question 14

who determines the gender

Answer 14

male; depends on whether his sperm donates an X or a Y

Question 15

give the chromosome shapes

Answer 15

rod-shaped

Question 16

chromosomes are described as

Answer 16

bundle of DNA

Question 17

chromosomes replicate during what process

Answer 17

mitosis

Question 18

what are genes?

Answer 18

distinct portions (“cells DNA”) of chromosome”)

Question 19

genetic blueprints

Answer 19

genes

Question 20

control form & function of all body cells

Answer 20

genes

Question 21

basic unit of genetic information

Answer 21

genes

Question 22

genes are made up of

Answer 22

DNA segments

Question 23

25,000 genes make up how many codes?

Answer 23

3 billion codes

Question 24

each gene on 1 chromosome corresponds with

Answer 24

another gene on the chromosome mate (mom and dad)

Question 25

additive

Answer 25

each gene makes an active, equal contribution

Question 26

dominant-recessive

Answer 26

dominant controls & hides the influence of the recessive

Question 27

everyone is a carrier of at least how many genes that could produced serious defects/diseases in kids

Answer 27

at least 20

Question 28

give the meaning of congenital

Answer 28

present at birth/may or may not be genetic

Question 29

give the meaning of inherited

Answer 29

genetically passed on

Question 30

give the 3 types of Disorders

Answer 30

``` chromosomal; "Karyotypes" single gene (mendelian; a/t/g/c) polygenic/multifactorial (genes & environment combined ```

Question 31

what process ends with a duplicate number?

Answer 31

mitosis

Question 32

nature means it has what effect?

Answer 32

genetic effect

Question 33

give the process of mitosis

Answer 33

pairs of chromosomes separate to the ends of the cells, then replicate themselves & the cell splits

Question 34

each cell has how many chromosomes in each cell after mitosis?

Answer 34

46 chromosomes

Question 35

after mitosis, what is the number called?

Answer 35

diploid number (duplicates)

Question 36

give the end result of mitosis

Answer 36

1 cell becomes 2 with the exact same # and type of chromosomes

Question 37

explain meiosis

Answer 37

``` pairs of chromosomes separate to ends of cells cell split each cell has 23 chromosomes this only occurs with sex cells haploid=half so the zygote will end up with 46 ```

Question 38

autosomal non-disjunction (name all 3)

Answer 38

``` Patau's syndrome(trisomy 13) trisomy 18 (edwards) trisomy 21 (down) ```

Question 39

what all is present with Patau's Syndrome?

Answer 39

``` cleft lip cleft palate decreased muscle tone heart defects polydactyl small eyes ```

Question 40

describe trisomy 13

Answer 40

there are 3 #13 chromosomes

Question 41

whats evident in edwards syndrome?

Answer 41

``` heart defect kidney defect small head & jaw low set ears hernias club feet rocker bottom feet no long lifespan ```

Question 42

describe turners syndrom

Answer 42

only has one X

Question 43

physical about turners

Answer 43

short/thick neck heart defects infertility

Question 44

sex chromosome non-disjunctions include what two disorders?

Answer 44

turners & kleinfelter's syndromes

Question 45

describe kleinfelter's

Answer 45

trisomy male XXY

Question 46

physical in kleinfelters

Answer 46

``` delayed speech & language tall infertile intellectual disabilities large breasts hips larger ```

Question 47

TX in kleinfelters

Answer 47

testosterone

Question 48

TX in turners

Answer 48

supply estrogen

Question 49

describe translocation

Answer 49

structural error | 1 chromosome or part of 1 chromosome attaches to another

Question 50

causes of translocation

Answer 50

deleted chromosome or (part/entire) or added in as extra

Question 51

translocation commonly seen with

Answer 51

21 chromosome "trisomy" | cri du chat #5

Question 52

whats evident in Cri du Chat?

Answer 52

arm deleted

Question 53

increased r/o inheritance in siblings with what disorder?

Answer 53

translocation

Question 54

physical-Cri du Chat

Answer 54

infants cry-distinct (larynx not developed correctly small at birth small head & jaw small chin intellectual disabilities (moderate to severe) weak muscle tone LBW low set ears wide-spaced eyes if there is no organ dysfunction, the infant can have a NL lifespan

Question 55

single pair of genes are called

Answer 55

alleles

Question 56

single gene disorder describe

Answer 56

with one gene on a chromosome px

Question 57

on every pair of chromosomes there are how many forms of each gene?

Answer 57

2 forms of each gene

Question 58

governs traits/may take alternate forms

Answer 58

alleles

Question 59

alleles represent what in the body?

Answer 59

hair/eye color

Question 60

underlying combo of genetic material

Answer 60

genotype

Question 61

observable expression

Answer 61

phenotype