Genetic Science Stuff Flashcards
Genetics
relating to genes or heredity.
Heredity
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Gregor Mendal
A nun who started the genetic testing.
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Gene
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and determines how they look.
Traits
a distinguishing quality or characteristic
Dominant Allele
An allele that is always there when the offspring characteristics are made.
Recessive allele
An alternate version of the allele that will only appear when the dominant is not around
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Punnet square
square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Homozygous dominant
A dominant version that will most of the time appear.
Heterozygous
The state of being a heterozygote.
Homozygous reccesive
homozygous recessive, if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele. Heterozygous means that an organism has two different alleles of a gene.
Purebred
of an animal bred from parents of the same breed or variety.
Hybrid
the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule
Codominace
Codominance is a form of dominance wherein the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed.
Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele.
