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Bio U11 > Genetic Process Vocab > Flashcards

Genetic Process Vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Parent Cell Definition

A

The cell in that carries the traits passed on to the daughter cell

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2
Q

Daughter Cell Definition

A

The new cell that takes on the traits from the parent cell

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3
Q

DNA Definition

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
the hereditary material in almost all organism.
Comprised of…
Phosphate backbone
A - adenine
G - guanine
C - cytosine
T - thymine

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4
Q

Somatic Cells Definition

A

A plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organisms, excluding sex cells

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5
Q

Sex Chromosomes Definition

A

A type of chromosome involved in sex determination

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6
Q

Autosomes Definition

A

Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes

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7
Q

Chromatin Definition

A

DNA strands

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8
Q

Centrosome Definition

A

Pair of centrioles (2 centrioles)

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9
Q

Sister Chromatids Definition

A

Chromatids containing identical genetic information

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10
Q

Homologous Chromosomes Definition

A

chromosomes that contain the same sequence of genes despite having different information. NOT identical

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11
Q

Gametes Definition

A

Male and female reproductive cells(egg and sperm)

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12
Q

Tetrad Definition

A

2 pairs of homologous chromosomes

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13
Q

Crossing Over Definition

A

The process of genetic material being exchanged between homologous chromosomes and genes breaking off and reattaching to eachother.
Genetic Diversity occurs here^

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14
Q

Synapsis Definition

A

The process of sister chromatids intertwining with a sister chromatid from its matching homologous chromosome

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15
Q

Diploid Cell Definition

A

Cells that have two sets of chromosomes

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16
Q

Haploid Cells Definition

A

Cells that have half the norma number of cells

17
Q

Gametogenesis Definition

A

The formation of sex cells in Meiosis

18
Q

Spermatogenesis Definition

A

The production of sperm cells

19
Q

Oogenesis Definition

A

The production of egg cells

20
Q

Germ Cell Definition

A

Cells that become gametes

21
Q

Deletions Definition

A

A piece of a chromosome is missing/deleted(fragment doesn’t reattach)

22
Q

Duplications Definition

A

A portion of the chromosome is duplicated resulting in extra genetic material

23
Q

Inversions Definition

A

A segment reattaches to the correct homolog, but in reverse order

24
Q

Translocations Definition

A

When a portion of one chromosome is transferred to another non homologous chromosome(a chromosome with a different type if information)

25
Q

Monosomy Definition

A

When an individual is missing a chromosome from a pair

26
Q

Trisomy Definition

A

When an individual has more than two chromosomes in a pair

27
Q

Nondisjunction Definition

A

Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during cell division

28
Q

Amniocentesis Definition

A

Amniotic fluid is collected and fetus DNA can be sampled to test for genetic abnormalities

Bio U11 (8 decks)

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