Genetic Process Vocab Flashcards
Parent Cell Definition
The cell in that carries the traits passed on to the daughter cell
Daughter Cell Definition
The new cell that takes on the traits from the parent cell
DNA Definition
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
the hereditary material in almost all organism.
Comprised of…
Phosphate backbone
A - adenine
G - guanine
C - cytosine
T - thymine
Somatic Cells Definition
A plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organisms, excluding sex cells
Sex Chromosomes Definition
A type of chromosome involved in sex determination
Autosomes Definition
Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes
Chromatin Definition
DNA strands
Centrosome Definition
Pair of centrioles (2 centrioles)
Sister Chromatids Definition
Chromatids containing identical genetic information
Homologous Chromosomes Definition
chromosomes that contain the same sequence of genes despite having different information. NOT identical
Gametes Definition
Male and female reproductive cells(egg and sperm)
Tetrad Definition
2 pairs of homologous chromosomes
Crossing Over Definition
The process of genetic material being exchanged between homologous chromosomes and genes breaking off and reattaching to eachother.
Genetic Diversity occurs here^
Synapsis Definition
The process of sister chromatids intertwining with a sister chromatid from its matching homologous chromosome
Diploid Cell Definition
Cells that have two sets of chromosomes
Haploid Cells Definition
Cells that have half the norma number of cells
Gametogenesis Definition
The formation of sex cells in Meiosis
Spermatogenesis Definition
The production of sperm cells
Oogenesis Definition
The production of egg cells
Germ Cell Definition
Cells that become gametes
Deletions Definition
A piece of a chromosome is missing/deleted(fragment doesn’t reattach)
Duplications Definition
A portion of the chromosome is duplicated resulting in extra genetic material
Inversions Definition
A segment reattaches to the correct homolog, but in reverse order
Translocations Definition
When a portion of one chromosome is transferred to another non homologous chromosome(a chromosome with a different type if information)
