Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Cycle Stages(Mitosis)

A

Interphase
- G1 Phase
- S Phase
- G2 Phase
Mitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Cytokinesis

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2
Q

3 Functions of Cell Division

A

Growth - growth of organisms
Repair - repair if tissue and organisms
Maintenance - replace dead if dying cells

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3
Q

Occurrences in Interphase

A

Growth 1
- manor period of growth, cell synthesize new molecules
- centrosomes are duplicated
- needed to direct movement of chromosomes
Synthesis Phase
- DNA(in chromatin form) is replicated
- 2 copies of every chromosome
Growth 2 Phase
- the cell synthesizes more molecules prior to mitosis

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4
Q

Occurrences in Prophase

A
  • Chromatins shorten and thicken into chromosomes
  • Each chromosome = two copies of one chromosome
  • sister chromatids are joined together at the centromere
  • centrosomes separate and move to opposite poles and leave microtubules which will become spindle fibres
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5
Q

Occurrences in Metaphase

A
  • The spindle fibers guide the chromosomes to the equator of the cell
  • Centromeres are aligned across the middle of the cell
  • Spindle fibers from opposite poles attach to the centromere of each centrosome
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6
Q

Occurrences in Anaphase

A
  • The chromosomes divide
  • Motor proteins pull on each side of centromere
  • Centromere splits apart and sister chromatids separate from eachother
  • Separated sister chromatids are now called chromosomes
  • Spindle fibers shorten pulling the chromosomes to opposite poles
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7
Q

Occurrences in Telophase

A
  • The seperated chromosomes reach opposite poles
  • Chromosomes unwind into chromatin
  • Spindle fibers break down
  • Nuclear membrane forms around the nee sets of chromosomes
  • A cleavage forms
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8
Q

Occurrences in Cytokinesis

A
  • Division of cytoplasm
  • 2 New daughter cells(genetically identical)
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9
Q

Cell Cycle Stages(Meiosis)

A

Interphase
- G1 Phase
- S Phase
- G2 Phase
Meiosis I
- Prophase I
- Metaphase I
- Anaphase I
- Telophase I
Cytokinesis 1
Meiosis II
- Prophase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
Cytokinesis 2

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10
Q

Occurences in Prophase I

A
  • Chromosomes start to shorten and thicken
  • Each chromosome was replicated during interphase, and now consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere
    Synapsis
    • Each pair of homologous chromosomes line up side by side
    • Crossing over(exchange of genetic information)
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