Genetic Interactions Part 2 Flashcards
Non-Allelic Gene Interaction
Novel Phenotype
Recessive Epistasis
Dominant Epistasis
Complimentary Epistasis
Duplicate Gene
T or F
after the discovery of the computation model of Mendel, there are several instances that DO NOT follow the computation
True
the dihybrid testcross was discovered by
George Beadle
Edward Tatum
1941
the development of dihybrid testcrosses leads to the idea of
modifier genes
these are genes that enhance or inhibit the expression of the other gene.
modifier genes
complete dominance at gene pairs (mendelian interaction)
novel phenotype
the modifier gene completely nulls, the effect of the other genes if it is recessive.
complete dominance but recessive is epistatic.
recessive epistasis
the modifier gene completely nulls, the effect of the other genes if it is dominant.
complete dominance but dominant is epistatic.
dominant epistasis
T or F
in dominant epistasis, even if both genes are recessive, the modifier gene is expressed.
True
at least one allele of of each gene is dominant.
complimentary epistasis
at least one dominant presence in any gene.
duplicate gene
There are patterns of inheritance that is highly and/or only dependent on the gene interactions in sex chromosomes. It should be noted that the chances of getting male or female offspring is always 50%.
sex-linkage
There are two (2) types of gene interactions in sex-linkage:
sex-linked traits
sex-influenced traits
genes controlling the trait can be found in X and Y chromosome.
sex-linked trait
gene controlling the trait can be found in autosomal chromosome.
sex–influenced traits
described as a graphical representation of distribution and expression of genetic traits or disease among members of interrelated generations.
pedigree analysis
Sex- Linked Dominant Traits (Genotype)
X^A X^A
X^A X^a
X^A Y
X^a Y
female - affected
female - carrier
male - affected
male - unaffected
Sex- Linked Recessive Traits (Genotype)
X^A X^A
X^A X^a
X^A Y
X^a Y
female - unaffected
female - carrier
male - unaffected
male - affected
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Fragile X Syndrome (mental retardation)
X-linked dominant
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Vitamin D resistant rickets (soft bone)
X-linked dominant
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Incontinentia pigmenti (hyperactive apoptosis)
X-linked dominant
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Aicardi Syndrome (No cerebral hemispheres)
X-linked dominant
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Hemophilia (no blood clotting)
X-linked recessive
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Color Blindness (red and green)
X-linked recessive
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Muscular Dystrophy
X-linked recessive
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Pattern Baldness
X-linked recessive
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Hypertrichosis pinnae auris (ear hair)
Y-linked (no dominant/recessive)
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Determination of sex
Y-linked (no dominant/recessive)
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Webbed Toes
Y-linked (no dominant/recessive)
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Ichthyosis hystix (Porcupine or Wood Skin)
Y-linked (no dominant/recessive)
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Color Blindness (red and green)
X-linked recessive
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Maternal Optic Neuropathy (degradation of nerve)
Mitochondrial-linked
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Mitochondrial myopathy (degradation of muscles)
Mitochondrial-linked
guess the sex-linked trait of the disorder/disease
Leigh Syndrome (Abnormal ATP production)
Mitochondrial-linked
T or F
X-Linked Dominant Traits
More Female are affected due to the presence 2 X chromosomes.
True
T or F
X-Linked Dominant Traits
Do not skip generation when expressed.
True
T or F
X-Linked Dominant Traits
Mode Transmission: MOTHER TO SON and FATHER TO DAUGHTER.
False
Mode Transmission: MOTHER TO SON/DAUGHTER and FATHER TO DAUGHTER.
T or F
X-Linked Dominant Traits
50% son/daughter of heterozygous mother.
True
T or F
X-Linked Dominant Traits
If both parents have x-linked heterozygous dominant, all offspring will be positive for x-linked dominant.
False
If both parents have x-linked HOMOZYGOUS dominant, all offspring will be positive for x-linked dominant.
T or F
X-Linked Recessive Traits
More males are affected due to the presence 2 Y chromosomes.
False
More FEMALES are affected due to the presence 2 X chromosomes.
T or F
X-Linked Recessive Traits
If both parents have x-linked homozygous dominant, all offspring will be positive for x-linked dominant.
True
- The only affected offspring is only males.
- Mode of Transmission: FATHER TO ALL SONS.
- It does not skip generation.
Y-linked Traits
- All offspring is affected or at risk of acquiring traits.
- Mode of Transmission: MOTHER TO ALL OFFSPRING.
Mitochondrial-Linked Traits
guess the common autosomal traits whether which one’s dominant/recessive
a. window’s peak
b. no window’s peak
a. dominant
b. recessive
guess the common autosomal traits whether which one’s dominant/recessive
a. no cheek dimples
b. cheek dimples
a. recessive
b. dominant
guess the common autosomal traits whether which one’s dominant/recessive
a. no hitchhiker’s thumb
b. hitchhiker’s thumb
a. dominant
b. recessive
guess the common autosomal traits whether which one’s dominant/recessive
a. face freckles
b. no face freckles
a. dominant
b. recessive
guess the common autosomal traits whether which one’s dominant/recessive
a. attached earlobes
b. free earlobes
a. recessive
b. dominant
guess the common autosomal traits whether which one’s dominant/recessive
a. cleft chin
b. without cleft chin
a. dominant
b. recessive
