Genetic inheritance

Question 1

Homologous

Answer 1

Pair (1 from mum, 1 from dad).

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

Characteristics of traits that are expressed by an organism, observable physical traits (eg. purple).

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

Genetic instructions that are inherited from parents (eg. Bb).

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

A segment of DNA.

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Alternative forms of a gene for a particular characteristics.

Question 6

Recessive

Answer 6

A trait that will only be expressed in the absence of the allele for the dominant trait.

Question 7

Dominant

Answer 7

A trait that only requires one of it’s allele’s to be present for it to be expressed.

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

A genotype in which the two alleles are identical.

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

A genotype in which the two alleles are different.

Question 10

Pure-bred

Answer 10

The result when the parents are homozygous/have the same traits/alleles.

Question 11

Hybrid

Answer 11

The result when the parents are heterozygous/different.

Question 12

Carrier

Answer 12

Someone who has inherited the recessive allele for a genetic condition but doesn’t express it’s traits.

Question 13

Karyotype

Answer 13

An individual’s collection of chromosomes.

Question 14

Trisomy

Answer 14

3 of one chromosome.

Question 15

Mendel genetics

Answer 15

• Study deduced that genes come in pairs + are inherited as allele, one from each parent.
• Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.

Question 16

Types of inheritance

Answer 16

• Simple inheritance
• Sex-linked inheritance
• Co-dominance
• Incomplete dominance

Question 17

Sex-linked inheritance

Answer 17

The inheritance of genes located on the sex chromosomes.

Question 18

Co-dominance

Answer 18

When the heterozygote shows a phenotype that is intermediate between those of the parents.

Question 19

Incomplete dominance

Answer 19

When the heterozygote inherits the characteristics of both parents to make a new characteristic.