Genetic Foundation/ Conception Flashcards
Psycho-social theory
A theory that states that something is a result of the state of mind of the person and their interaction with the environment.
Chromosomes
All human cells (excluding the egg and sperm) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
Gametes
Sex cells
Zygote
The Fertilized egg
Genes
A discrete (specific) region of DNA that produces a single, identifiable protein.
SNP
A “typo” on the strand of DNA (a single wrong nucleotide is placed)
Haplotype
A group of SNP’s
CNV
When a stretch of DNA is copied more than once or it is failed to be copied
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
The appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment.
How many genes does a human have?
23,000
Autosomal Genes
Genes on the first 22 chromosome pairs
Sex limited genes
Genes on the first 22 chromosomes that are normally activated by what sex you are. (these genes are also autosomal)
Allele
Refers to alternative forms of genes
Polygenetic Influence
When there are many different genes that influence a single trait
Penetrance
The degree to which gene expresses it’s activity
Methylation
The attachment of a methyl group to your DNA. Methylation suppresses the activity of your genes
Imprinted genes
Some genes are only active depending on if they come from the mother or the father.
Epigenetics
The study of the interaction of nature and nuture
Monozygotic Twins
Twins born of a single egg and sperm
Dizygotic Twins (fraternal twins)
Twins born of two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm from the same father.
Semi-Identical Twins
When a women produces an egg and the egg duplicates and splits in half and the sperm comes from the same father
Superfecundation
getting pregnant while already being pregnant
How much bigger is a single egg than a single sperm?
90,000 times bigger
How many eggs is the average women born with?
1-2 million
How long is a woman’s reproductive window?
40 years
How long does an egg live after being released?
about 24 hours
How many sperm does a man produce in his lifetime?
500 billion +
What is the average amount of sperm per ejaculation?
280 million
How many sperm make it to the cervix?
about 10% of the sperm originally ejaculated
How many sperm make it to the egg?
only a few dozen sperm cells
