Genetic Foundation/ Conception Flashcards

1
Q

Psycho-social theory

A

A theory that states that something is a result of the state of mind of the person and their interaction with the environment.

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2
Q

Chromosomes

A

All human cells (excluding the egg and sperm) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

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3
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

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4
Q

Zygote

A

The Fertilized egg

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5
Q

Genes

A

A discrete (specific) region of DNA that produces a single, identifiable protein.

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6
Q

SNP

A

A “typo” on the strand of DNA (a single wrong nucleotide is placed)

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7
Q

Haplotype

A

A group of SNP’s

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8
Q

CNV

A

When a stretch of DNA is copied more than once or it is failed to be copied

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9
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

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10
Q

Phenotype

A

The appearance of an organism resulting from the interaction of the genotype and the environment.

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11
Q

How many genes does a human have?

A

23,000

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12
Q

Autosomal Genes

A

Genes on the first 22 chromosome pairs

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13
Q

Sex limited genes

A

Genes on the first 22 chromosomes that are normally activated by what sex you are. (these genes are also autosomal)

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14
Q

Allele

A

Refers to alternative forms of genes

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15
Q

Polygenetic Influence

A

When there are many different genes that influence a single trait

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16
Q

Penetrance

A

The degree to which gene expresses it’s activity

17
Q

Methylation

A

The attachment of a methyl group to your DNA. Methylation suppresses the activity of your genes

18
Q

Imprinted genes

A

Some genes are only active depending on if they come from the mother or the father.

19
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of the interaction of nature and nuture

20
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Twins born of a single egg and sperm

21
Q

Dizygotic Twins (fraternal twins)

A

Twins born of two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm from the same father.

22
Q

Semi-Identical Twins

A

When a women produces an egg and the egg duplicates and splits in half and the sperm comes from the same father

23
Q

Superfecundation

A

getting pregnant while already being pregnant

24
Q

How much bigger is a single egg than a single sperm?

A

90,000 times bigger

25
Q

How many eggs is the average women born with?

A

1-2 million

26
Q

How long is a woman’s reproductive window?

A

40 years

27
Q

How long does an egg live after being released?

A

about 24 hours

28
Q

How many sperm does a man produce in his lifetime?

A

500 billion +

29
Q

What is the average amount of sperm per ejaculation?

A

280 million

30
Q

How many sperm make it to the cervix?

A

about 10% of the sperm originally ejaculated

31
Q

How many sperm make it to the egg?

A

only a few dozen sperm cells