Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is genetic engineering?
It is the artificially manipulation or alteration of genes.
What is a plasmid?
It is a ring of DNA found in bacteria that is used for cloning vectors .
What is the ring of DNA in bacteria known as?
Plasmids
What found is bacteria are used as cloning vectors?
Plasmids
What are the steps in genetic engineering?
- isolation
- cutting
- ligation
- translation
- indroduction of bases sequence changes
What is isolation?
- the gene is identified
- the circular plasmid is removed from the bacteria
- the piece of edna is removed from the human cell
What is cutting?
the plasmid and human DNA are cut by the same restrictive enzyme
What is ligation?
the DNA and plasmid are joined together
What is transformation?
is the uptake of the human genes by the bacteria cells
What is expression?
the gene causes the production of the required protein by the bacteria
Give three applications of genetic engineering
- in microorganisms : bacteria can be modified to produce human insulin
- in plants: inserting vitamin A gene into rice
- in animals : sheep have been modified to produce human blood clotting factor gene in their milk
What other names are giving to genetic engineering?
genetic modification, genetic splicing
What is cloning?
the production of identical copies of bacterium
What problems are associated with genetic engineering?
ethical issues- fear that humans will be genetically altered
-fear that animals could suffer while or after
being genetically modified
what is introduction of base sequences changed?
the order of the bases in the host DNA is changed (now different)
