Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Hybridization

Answer 1

Breathing technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both traits of both organisms

Question 2

Inbreeding

Answer 2

Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms

Question 3

How do scientists manipulate DNA?

Answer 3

• transfer genes from one organism to another

- scientists use their knowledge of DNA structure to study and change DNA

Question 4

Genetic engineering

Answer 4

Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism

Question 5

How doesDNA extraction work?

Answer 5

DNA can be easily extracted from cells by rupturing the cell and nuclear membrane via homogenizing in a buffer and then centrifuge the solution at low speed to make large particles settle to the bottom of the tube. The solution is been removed from the tube placed into another tube for high-speed centrifuging called cesium gradient

Question 6

How does DNA cutting work?

Answer 6

Geneticists cut them into smaller pieces using restriction enzyme

Question 7

How do you isolate a gene?

Answer 7

• One way involves looking at the entire sequence of bases in the DNA to figure out where the genes are
• The other way is to start with the protein that is produced from the genes and to then figure out where in the genome the gene that makes the protein is located

Question 8

Restriction enzyme

Answer 8

Enzyme that cuts DNA and a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 9

DNA ligase

Answer 9

Enzymes that DNA back together

Question 10

What happens during gel electrophoresis

Answer 10

• A mixture of DNA fragments this place that one end of the porous gel inside well
• and electric voltage is applied to the gel
• when the power is on the negatively charged DNA particles move toward the positive end of the gel
• smaller fragments move faster and farther

Question 11

What is gel electrophoresis useful for

Answer 11

• compare genomes of different individuals

- locate and identify one gene out of the 10,000s of genes in an individual genome

Question 12

Why is it important to know the sequence of DNA

Answer 12

• to study specific genes
• to compare genes with other organisms
• discover the function of genes and gene combinations

Question 13

DNA polymerase

Answer 13

Enzymes that copy DNA

Question 14

What are the four DNA bases

Answer 14

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, cytosine

Question 15

DNA synthesizers

Answer 15

Lab machines that can put together short sequences of DNA

Question 16

How is recombinant DNA made

Answer 16

By inserting DNA from one organism into DNA another organism

Question 17

Transgenic organisms

Answer 17

Organisms that contain genes from another species

Question 18

Selective breeding

Answer 18

Method of breeding that allows only those individuals with desired characteristics to produce the next offspring