Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Restriction enzymes

Answer 1

Used to cut genes from lengths of DNA. They are named after the bacteria from which they were first isolated.

Question 2

Palindromic

Answer 2

A nucleotide sequence which reads the same in the 5’ to 3’ direction as in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
restriction sites are palindromic.

Question 3

Restriction Endonucleases/enzymes digest nucleic acids at specific points along the length of the DNA molecule.

Answer 3

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Question 4

Reverse transcription

Answer 4

Isolating the mRNA for a particular polypeptide and synthesizing complementary DNA from it using reverse transcriptases. After the cDNA is made, the second dna strand is made by adding the enzyme dna polymerase and more dna nucleotides

Question 5

Artificial gene synthesis

Answer 5

A piece of dna which codes for a particular peptide(aka a gene) can be made artificially if the base sequence is known ( it can be worked out from the a acid sequence of the polypeptide it codes for. Only for short genes

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

Small ring if dna found in bacterial cells. They replicate separately from the main dna and can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another.

Question 7

Recombinant dna (rDNA)

Answer 7

Once the new gene has been inserted into the plasmid it is known as rDNA (dna from 2 different sources)