Genetic Engineering Flashcards
changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new
Genetic Engineering
are called Transgenic Organism; since genes are transferred from one organism to another
Genetically Modified Organism
breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring with desired traits
Artificial Selection
when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits
Selective Breeding
2 individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organism
Hybridization
breeding of organisms that genetically similar to maintain desired traits
Inbreeding
creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another
Cloning
DNA is cut out of one organisms and put it into another organisms
Gene Splicing
enzyme that cuts the DNA at a specific code
Restriction Enzyme
when a gene from one organism is transferred to different organism
Transformation
a technique used to compare DNA from two or more organism
Gel Electrophoresis
means visible life that was constructed through rock units that bear abundant fossils
Phanerozoic Eon
represents the period between the birth of the planet and the appearance of life forms
Precambrian Eon
is also knows as the “age of mammals”
Cenozoic Era
is also known as the “age of reptiles”
Mesozoic Era
is also known as the “age pf invertebrates”
Paleozoic Era
human evolution
Quartenary Period
mammals diversity
Tertiary Period
extinction of dinosaurs, first primates, first flowering plants
Cretaceous Period
first birds, dinosaurs diversity
Jurassic Period
first mammals, first dinosaurs
Triassic Period
are the shortest subdivisions unit in the Earth’ s geological time scale
Epochs
the hypothetical process by which living organism develop from non-living matter
Spontaneous Generation
- Permian
- Carboniferous
- Devonian
- Silurian
- Ordovician
- Cambrian
Paleozoic Era
suggests that life started in a primordial soup of organic molecules
Primordial Soup Theory
suggests that building blocks of life came from another planet
Theory of Pansperma (exogenesis)
is the death of every member of a species
Extinction
refer to variant form of given gene
Alleles
is a field of science that deals with genetic variation in the populations of organism in the ecosystem
Population Genetics
happens when many species go extinct at one time
Mass Extinction
are sets of gene that regulate the expression of certain traits in the organisms
Genotype
are the observed traits expressed in the individuals
Phenotypes
are segments of DNA that regulates the expression of the traits
Genes
can causes changes in the DNA structure
Mutation
is the change of allele frequencies as a product of random event in environment
Genetic Drift
refers to the loss of genetic variation in the new population that was established by a very few individuals from a larger population
Founder Effect
refers to an event where there is an abrupt reduction in the size of a population cause by a random event
Population Bottleneck
refers to the process where pieces of DNA are segmented and recombined to produce new combinations of allele
Recombination
