Genetic Engineering Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

The artificial manipulation or alteration of genes

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2
Q

What is the process of genetic engineering

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Cutting
  3. Ligation and Transformation
  4. Introduction of base sequence changes
  5. Express
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3
Q
  1. Isolation
A

The target gene is located, identified and removed

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4
Q
  1. Cutting
A

The Human and Bacterial DNA is cut using “restriction enzyme”

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5
Q
  1. Ligation and Transformation
A

•Ligation is the joining of the target gene to the plasmid DNA using the enzyme DNA ligase
•Transformation is the uptake of the new recombinant DNA into the bacterial cell

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6
Q
  1. Introduction of base sequence changes
A

The order of bases in the host DNA is changed as it contains the donor gene

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7
Q
  1. Expression
A

The bacterial that successfully transformed the recombinant DNA will multiply, producing many bacterial clones

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8
Q

Application of Genetic Engineering in Plants

A

Many plants contain bacterial genes which make the plants resistant to certain weedkillers

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9
Q

Application of Genetic Engineering in Animals

A

A human gene has been inserted into a sheep’s zygote to allow the sheep to produce a chemical needed for clotting

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10
Q

Application of Genetic Engineering in Bacteria

A

Insulin has been inserted into bacteria to produce insulin for diabetics

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