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Biology > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do we need food

A

•Energy
•Growth and repair of all cells
•Supply materials and energy needed for processes of metabolism and continuity

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2
Q

What are the 3 trace elements

A

•iron
•copper
•zinc

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3
Q

What are the 6 components of food

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

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4
Q

What is a bio molecule

A

A chemical substance made in the cells of a living organism

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5
Q

Name the 6 common elements in food

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

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6
Q

Name the 5 elements in dissolved salts

A

Sodium
Magnesium
Chlorine
Potassium
Calcium

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7
Q

What are the elements in Carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
(CHO)

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8
Q

What is the general formula of a carb

A

Cx (H2O)y

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9
Q

What are the three kinds of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides (one sugar unit)
Disaccharides (two sugar units)
Polysaccharides (many sugar units)

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10
Q

Definition of “monosaccharides”

A

Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules

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11
Q

Monosaccharides are:

A

Simple sugars
Solvable in water
Sweet tasting
Buildings blocks for all other carbohydrates
Eg. Glucose

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12
Q

Definition of disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharide sugar units joined together

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13
Q

Disaccharides are:

A

Soluble in water
•C12 H22 O11

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14
Q

Definition of Polysaccharides

A

Many monosaccharide sugar molecules joined together

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15
Q

Polysaccharides are:

A

Not soluble in water
Do not taste sweet
Eg. Celluose

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16
Q

What happens to fats and oils at room temperature

A

Fats are solid
Oils are liquid

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17
Q

Sources of lipids

A

Butter
Avocado
Fat on meet

18
Q

Structure of lipids

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
~no set ratio

19
Q

What are the two types of lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipid

20
Q

What are vitamins

A

Biomolecules that are essential, organic catalysts of metabolism

21
Q

What vitamins are needed in our diet to stay healthy

A

A
B
C
D
E
K

22
Q

What are the two water soluble vitamins

A

B and C

23
Q

What are the functions of Vitamin C

A

Helps build connective tissue

24
Q

What is the deficiency disease associated with Vitamin C and what are its symptoms

A

Scurvy , soft bleeding gums and loose teeth

25
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A
D
E
K

26
Q

Function of vitamin D

A

Keep bones and teeth healthy

27
Q

Deficiency disease of Vitamin D and it’s symptoms

A

Osteomalacia, bones losing calcium and becoming weak

28
Q

What elements are always present in protein

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

29
Q

What is protein needed for

A

The growth and repair of all cells

30
Q

What are proteins made of

A

Amino acids

31
Q

What is the structural role of Carbohydrates

A

They give cells strength
Eg. Cellulose in cell walls

32
Q

Give an example of a structural protein

A

Keratin, found in skin, hair and nails

33
Q

What is a structural role of a lipid

A

They help to waterproof the body

34
Q

What is the metabolic role of carbs and lipids

A

Carbohydrates and lipids are the primary sources of energy for metabolism

35
Q

Metabolic role of proteins

A

Enzymes control the rate of reactions in cells

36
Q

Metabolic role of vitamins

A

Vitamin C ~ helps form connective tissues like skin and gums

Vitamin D ~ the absorption of calcium for healthy bones and teeth

37
Q

Why is water important to organism ( 5 reasons )

A

•Water is a universal solvent
•Water provides a medium for reactions to take place in cells
•Water is slow to heat up and cool down
•Water is a good absorber of energy
•Water allows movement of materials in and out of cells

38
Q

What are the 2 main kinds of metabolic reactions

A

Anabolic and Catabolic

39
Q

What are anabolic reactions

A

Anabolic reactions use energy to make bigger molecules from smaller molecules using enzymes
Eg. Photosynthesis

40
Q

What are catabolic reactions

A

Catabolic reactions release energy when bigger molecules are broken down from smaller ones using enzymes
Eg. Respiration

Biology (7 decks)

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