Genetic Diversity, Mutaions And Meosis

Question 1

What are mutagenic agents

Answer 1

Certain chemicals or rays that increase the frequency of mutations

Question 2

Prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 2

Chromosomes condense and thicken Homologous chromosomes cross over forming a bivalent
Point they cross is chiasmata
DNA is broken and swapped when they cross over

Question 3

Metaphase 1 of meiosis

Answer 3

Bivalents move to equator
Chromosome attach to spindles at centromeres
Maternal and paternal chromosomes arranged randomly

Question 4

Anaphase 1 of meiosis

Answer 4

Spindles pull apart homologous chromosome pairs In bivalents to opposite poles
Each pole receives a random mix of maternal and paternal homologous pairs

Question 5

Telophase and cytokineses 1 in meiosis

Answer 5

Spindle fibres break down
Cytoplasm divides

Question 6

Which bases are purine and which are pyramidine

Answer 6

Purine (double ring) adenine and guanine
Pyramidine (single ring) cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 7

What is purine

Answer 7

Double ring

Question 8

What is pyramidine

Answer 8

Single ring

Question 9

How is dna in eukaryotic cells different to prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

Eukaryotic- nucleus, linear, histones, long
Prokaryotic- short, circular not associated with proteins

Question 10

What is the genetic code

Answer 10

Order of bases of dna

Question 11

Identify features of the genetic code

Answer 11

Non overlapping so each triplet only read once
Degenerate more than me triplet codes for same amino acid
Universal - same bases used for all species