Genetic And Environmental Causes Of Disease And Classification Of Disease

Question 1

Two causes of disease

Answer 1

1 genetic

2 environmental

Question 2

How to Distinguish causes of disease

Answer 2

1 study twins ( monozygotic )
2 study family incidences 
3 epidemiology studies 
4 occupational studies 
5 study of migrants 
6 lab investigations

Question 3

Describe the diff of 
1 age of onset 
2 family incidence 
3 remission 
4 clustering
5 linked to inherited factors 
6 incidence 

Of genetic and environmental causes

Answer 3

• usually early / any age
• common / not common unless all members subject to same environmental stimuli
• rare / common if stimulus removed
• in family / large population
• rare / common
• yes / no

Question 4

List and describe the precursors of disease

Answer 4

1 predictable
2 probable
3 diseases predispose
4 permissive effect

Question 5

List factors contributing to disease risk

Answer 5

• prenatal factors
• age
• gender
• occupation
• lifestyle
• race

Question 6

What is gene polymorphisms

And which are of greater interest

Answer 6

• genetic variation

- HLA , cytokines , blood group ( more susceptible to disease )

Question 7

List types of environmental agents

Answer 7

1 infective
2 chemical
3 physical
4 lifestyle

Question 8

Classify congenital disease

Answer 8

1 genetic

• hereditary
• acquired

2 non genetic

• environmental
• accidental

Question 9

Classify post natal diseases ( acquired )

Answer 9

1 inflammation - acute / chronic
2 injury and disordered repair - kinetic force / chemical
3 growth disorders - neoplastic / non neoplastic
4 haemodynamics - shock / occlusive lesions
5 disordered immunity - immunodeficiency/ autoimmunity
6 metabolism and degenerative