genes to genomes (euakry vs prkary Flashcards
what can be genomes be made of? A double stranded dna B double stranded rna Csingle stranded dna Dsingle stranded rna E all of the above
option E
which taxonimic group has largest genome? A viruses B insects C mammals D amphibians E angiosperms
angiosperms as they are ployploid!
a pseudogene is a segment of DNA that…
A is related to real genes but has lost functionality.
B is related to real genes but has gained functionality.
C is unrelated to other genes but have the same functionality.
D is related to another genes but have no similar functionality.
option a how can this happen? unitary pseduogen - mutation duplicated pseudogene processed pseudogene - rna inserts into dna
what is the c-value? what is its significance?
total amount of DNA in a genome
> has helped us to see that the amount of DNA in not proportional to the genome
what is the metabolome
all the protein products/ metabolites
approximate size of human genome project
3.2 billion base pairs of DNA on a database
how is nuclear dna different to mitochondrial dna?
it is linear, not circular
it has MUTLPTIPLE origons of replication
but only one copy, not multiple copies
which DNA is segmented
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
virus
eukaryotic and virus (virus can be non segmented as its genome can be d.s or s.s. and linear or circular)
average length of intron?
200-500 bp
true or flase? the TATA box is found in eukaryotes only?
false. it is also found in archaea
which category of DNA is useful for forensic analysis? euchromatin heterochromatin satellite DNA junk DNA transposable element
SATELLITE DNA - contains variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) 100bp long
and also short tandem repeats (microsatellite) 2-6bp
the 'tryptohan operon' in eukaryotes has 5 genes on 1 chromosome in a continous segment 5 genes on 5 chromosomes 5 genes on 1 chromosome spaced apart 4 genes on telomeres of 2 chromosomes 4 genes spaced regularly on 1 chromosome
5 genes on 5 chromosomes
> 5 different transcription(start) and translation
prokary has 1 transctiption and 5 translation sites
what does the c-value paradox
A similarity between genome size and organism complexity
B disparity between genome size and organism complexity
C similarity betweeen no. genes and proteins
D disparity betweeen genome size and no. proteins
E similarity between genome size and no. proteins
OPTION B
> diparity as the amount of DNA is not proportional to final gene products
> plants have billions, virus have thousands - size no matter!
