Genes, Environment and Behaviour

Question 1

Plasticity

Answer 1

• enviornmental effects on trait values
• can be adaptive (but isn’t always)
• ongoing phenoype

Question 2

reaction norm

Answer 2

-shaped by the environment
- the range of phenotypes expressed by a genotype along an environmental gradient
- phenotype as function of some variable

Question 3

exProximate Causes

Answer 3

• How/What
• how does an indivdual manage to carry out an activity
• how do mechanisms within an animal work to produce a particular trait
• mechanistic explanation

what is the causual relationship between organisms genes and behaviour

Question 4

Ultimate Cause

Answer 4

Why has that trait evolved
evolutionary causes

why has this behaviour evolved and how has it changed over time

Question 5

Nature vs Nurture Equation

Answer 5

Z= G + E + GxE
Z= phentoype
G= genes
E= environment

Question 6

Rover/Sitter Polymorphism Mechanism

Answer 6

1. Yeast (food) spread on agar (non-food)
2. Rovers move within food patches than sitters
3. In absense of food, rovers and sitters move more often and for similar distances
4. Notion

Question 7

Cost and Benefit of being a Rover

Answer 7

Benefit: More food
Cost: expand more energy looking for food

strategy depends on environment

Question 8

Evolution by Natural Selection Requires

Answer 8

• Variation in trait
• Genetic Basis for Trait
• Variation in fitness for trait

Question 9

plasticity can be
an evironmental effect on the phenotype of x or y

Answer 9

x= a single individual
y= genetically identical individual

Question 10

x shapes reaction norm

Answer 10

x= natural selection