Extended Phenotypes

Question 1

what is a phenotype

Answer 1

observable characterisitc or trait of an organism including morphology, physiology, and behaviour

Question 2

‘things’ produced by individuals evolves by natural selection through

dams, bowers

Answer 2

subjection to genetic variation
influences fitness
genetic basis for a trait

could be exposed to selection

Question 3

extending the notion of phenotypes

Answer 3

things produced by individuals
things produced in other indidvisuals*

• gene in one individual produces phneotype in another individual

Question 4

what is fitness for a parasite

Answer 4

R0

Question 5

R0

Answer 5

the # of new infections generated by a single infected individual

Question 6

what does R0 depend on

Answer 6

replication or growth within host
transmission oppurtunities between hosts

Question 7

three broad categories of extended phenotypes of parasites

Answer 7

1. Host behavioural modification
2. Host morphological Modification
3. Host molecular Modification

they all increase parasite fitness (growth, reproduction, transmission)

Question 8

Three Hypothesis (host-parasite)

Answer 8

**1. Adaptive for the parasite **
2. Adaptive for host
3. Coincidental by-product of infection

Question 9

Adaptive for the parasites

Answer 9

generates a fitness benefit to parasites that led to natural selection for trait

Question 10

Malaria Parasites and Vector feeding behviour part 1

Answer 10

Mosquitoes recently exposed to malaria that are not infectious yet reduce feeding behaviour

Question 11

Malaria Parasites and Vector feeding behviour part 2

Answer 11

When infectious malaria, infected mosquitoes are more persistant in feeding attempts

Question 12

What feedin behaviour part (1 or 2) is responsible for parasite manipulation/ adaptation

Answer 12

Part 2. Increased Feeding during infectious malaria stage