Genes and protein synthesis

Question 1

what is a gene

Answer 1

the sequence of amino acids that forms the primary structure of a protein

Question 2

what does 3 bases (CODON) code for

Answer 2

one amino acid

Question 3

if DNA is too large to move out of the nucleus what happens

Answer 3

a section of the DNA is copied into mRNA

which leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it can be used to synthesise a protein

Question 4

what are the 3 types of RNA called

Answer 4

mRNA (messenger RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 5

what is the role of mRNA

where is it made

Answer 5

carries genetic code from the DNA in the nuclues to ribosome in the cytoplasm.

made in the nuclues

Question 6

what is the role of tRNA

and where is it found

Answer 6

carries amino acids to the ribosomes during translation

found in the cytoplasm

it has an amino acid binding site at one end and a anticodon site on the other end

Question 7

what is the role of rRNA

Answer 7

helps to catalyse the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids

Question 8

what does it mean if genetic code is degenerate

Answer 8

that there are more possible combinations of triplets than there are amino acids

meaning that some amino acids may be coded for by more than one base triplet

Question 9

what are start and stop codons

and where are they found

Answer 9

they start and stop protein production

usually found at the beginning and ends of a gene

Question 10

what does it mean if genetic code is UNIVERSAL

Answer 10

means that the same specific base triple will code for the SAME amino acid