Genes And Geneomes Flashcards
What is a genotype.
The genetic make up of an individual with regards to their genes.
Describe the structure of DNA
Double stranded helix with nucleotide base pairs. Four bases exist A, G, C & T.
Define phenotype.
Observable characteristics and traits resulting from an organisms geneotype
In general, how does the organisation of the genome differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic genomes are usually composed of a single circular DNA molecule. Eukaryotes generally have much larger genomes consisting of multiple linear DNA molecules, packaged into chromosomes.
What are germ cells?
Cells which produce gametes. Sperm & eggs in animals & ova & pollen in plants.
What are somatic cells?
All other cells which aren’t germ cells.
Define haploid
Gametes are haploid. They contain just a single copy of each type of chromosome.
Define diploid.
Most cells are diploid. In sexual reproduction two haploid gametes fuse to form a single diploid zygote cell.
What are autosomes?
Non-sex chromosomes.
Define homologous chromosomes.
Chromosomes of equal length containing an equivalent set of genes. Autosomes are homologous.
Define heterosomes.
Sex chromosomes which differ in males and females.
Define karyotype.
The characteristic number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell from a particular species.
