Genes and cell division

Question 1

What is in the nucleus of the cell?

Answer 1

In the nucleus of the cell are 46 chromosomes

Question 2

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 2

Chromosomes are made of one really long strand of DNA, thousands of genes

Question 3

What are genes, and where are they?

Answer 3

Genes are different chunks of DNA. Genes for different traits are in the same place on the chromosomes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do humans have in the cells, and are they the same?

Answer 4

Each cell in a human has 46 chromosomes, 23 from dad and 23 from mom. Each of our cells has the same 23 pairs of chromosomes (except the gametes)

Question 5

What do genes determine?

Answer 5

The genes on the chromosomes determines traits- hair color, eye color and much more

Question 6

Tell me about the X and Y chromosomes

Answer 6

Everyone gets an X chromosome from their mom, and X or Y from dad. Girls have the XX chromosomes and boys have XY chromosomes

Question 7

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 7

There are four stages of mitosis. Before mitosis interphase happens, and after mitosis cytokinesis happens

Question 8

What does interphase do?

Answer 8

During interphase the cell grows, acquires nutrients creates copies of organelles, preparing for cell division.

Question 9

What does prophase do?

Answer 9

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, the centrioles separate and and move to opposite sides of the cell. Spindle fibers begin to form

Question 10

What does metaphase do?

Answer 10

During metaphase, the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

Question 11

What does anaphase do?

Answer 11

During anaphase, the spindle fibers shorten, pulling apart sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell, and has a full set of chromosomes

Question 12

What does telophase do?

Answer 12

During telophase, chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin, nuclear membranes form around the two sets of DNA, and spindle fibers break down

Question 13

What does cytokinesis do?

Answer 13

During cytokinesis, cytoplasm pinches inward until two daughter cells are formed

Question 14

What is crossing over?

Answer 14

Crossing over is the swapping of the mother’s genetic material with the father’s genetic material

Question 15

How does crossing over occur?

Answer 15

During meiosis which forms egg and sperm cells, paired chromosomes from each parent align so that similar DNA sequences from the paired chromosomes cross over one another

Question 16

What does crossing over result in?

Answer 16

Crossing over results in a shuffling of genetic material and is an important cause of the genetic variation seen among offspring

Question 17

Mitosis summary

Answer 17

creates all body cells except gametes, creates 2 daughter cells from 1 parent cell (a clone), daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes (2n-2n), also called diploid cells (di from the greek ‘double’)

Question 18

Meiosis summary

Answer 18

Only makes reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells), creates 4 unique daughter cells from 1 parent cell, each daughter cell ha half the number of chromosomes as parent cell (2n-n), also called haploid cells as they have 1 set of chromosomes, (hap from the greek ‘single’)

Question 19

During ? phase, does the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane breaks down, the centrioles separate and and move to opposite sides of the cell. Spindle fibers begin to form

Answer 19

Prophase

Question 20

During ? phase, the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

Answer 20

metaphase

Question 21

During ? phase, the spindle fibers shorten, pulling apart sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell, and has a full set of chromosomes

Answer 21

anaphase

Question 22

During ? phase, chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin, nuclear membranes form around the two sets of DNA, and spindle fibers break down

Answer 22

Telophase

Question 23

During ? , cytoplasm pinches inward until two daughter cells are formed

Answer 23

cytokinesis

Question 24

? is the swapping of the mother’s genetic material with the father’s genetic material

Answer 24

Crossing over

Question 25

During meiosis which forms egg and sperm cells, paired chromosomes from each parent align so that similar DNA sequences from the paired chromosomes ? one another

Answer 25

Cross over- how crossing over occurs

Question 26

? results in a shuffling of genetic material and is an important cause of the genetic variation seen among offspring

Answer 26

Crossing over

Question 27

? creates all body cells except gametes, creates 2 daughter cells from 1 parent cell (a clone), daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes (2n-2n), also called diploid cells (di from the greek ‘double’)

Answer 27

mitosis

Question 28

? only makes reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells), creates 4 unique daughter cells from 1 parent cell, each daughter cell ha half the number of chromosomes as parent cell (2n-n), also called haploid cells as they have 1 set of chromosomes, (hap from the greek ‘single’)

Answer 28

meiosis