(a)sexual reproduction Flashcards
I know why and how things reproduce, and the (dis)advantages of (a)sexual reproduction.
How is genetic material transferred during sexual reproduction?
During intercourse, the sperm fertilizes the egg and cells start to reproduce, creating a new individual.
How is genetic material transferred during asexual reproduction?
Genetic material is transferred during mitosis, in which the cell replicates and duplicates. In telophase, the final of the four phases, the production of two new identical daughter cells occurs.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction requires only one parent. It results in offspring that are genetically identical. This reproduction is called MITOSIS and there are 4 phases (interphase occurs before mitosis), in which the cell replicates and duplicates. In Telophase the production of two identical new daughter cells occurs.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is the purpose of creating unique offspring, the combination of reproductive cells (uniting of gametes). This involves 2 from the same species. Gametes are sperm cells from the male and egg cells from the female.
Asexual reproduction benefits:
Asexual reproduction is efficient and fast, because there’s a single parent. When conditions are favorable, the population can increase rapidly.
How is asexual different from sexual reproduction? + binary fission
Asexual reproduction is opposed to meiosis not involving fusion of gametes or change in chromosome numbers. It is the primary form of reproduction of single-celled organisms, like bacteria. Bacteria split into 2- process known as binary fission.
Benefits of sexual reproduction:
The offspring is unique and variated. Due to this variation species can adapt to environments, giving them a survival advantage, and disease is less likely to affect all the population’s individuals.
When genetic variation isn’t present?
When genetic variation isn’t present, a population cannot evolve to survive changing environments, therefore they can possibly all die out. Also, the population would be swept away by disease, due to lack of evolving.
What are gametes, and how many chromosomes do they have, and what do they produce, and what does the fertilized egg do?
Gametes (sperm + egg cells) typically have half the number of chromosomes as a somatic (body) cell. In humans, the sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes each. When they combine, they can produce a new cell, a fertilized egg, a ‘zygote’, which has 46 chromosomes. The fertilized egg can continue to divide and more cells are made.
How are gametes different from each other + which process are they made in?
Gametes tend to be different from each other due to independent assortment and crossing over, which happens when the gametes are in the meiosis process.
What is a drawback of sexual reproduction? Why is asexual reproduction easier?
Sexual reproduction is more time consuming- it requires two gametes to find each other and then unite. Asexual reproduction is easier because the cell just ‘splits’ and has two new daughter cells.
Can certain organisms produce both sexually and asexually?
Yes, certain organisms can produce sexually and asexually. For example some plants, starfish, fungi and sea anemones.
The purpose of reproduction, and the difference between asexual and sexual offspring?
All organisms reproduce- sexually or asexually, to pass on their genes. In sexual reproduction, the parents pass on genetic information to produce unique offspring. In asexual reproduction, the parent creates offspring that are genetically identical to it, a clone.
