Genes Flashcards
Genome
the complete set of DNA of any organism, including all of its genes
Genotype
Gennetic material an individual inherits
Phenotype
the observable expression of the genotype, including both body characteristics and behavior
environment
every aspect of individuals and their surroundings other than genes
Chromosomes
Molecules of DNA that transmit genetic information, are made up of DNA
DNA
Molecules that carry al the biochemical instructions involved in the formation and functioning of an organism
Genes
section of chromosomes that are the basic unit of heredity in all living things
Crossing over
the process by which section of DNA switch from one chromosome to the other; crossing over promotes variability among individuals
Mutation
A change in a section of DNA
sex chromosomes
the chromosomes (X and Y) that determine an individuals designated sex at birth
Endophenotypes
Intermediate phenotypes, including the brain and nervous systems, they do not involve other behavior
Regulator Genes
genes that control the activity of other genes
Alleles
Two or more different forms of a gene
Dominant allele
The allele that, if present, gets expressed
Recessive allele
The allele that if not expressed if a dominant allele is present
Homozygous
Having two of the same allele for a trait
Hetrozygous
Having two different alleles for a trait
Polygenic Inheritance
Inheritance pattern in which traits are governed by more than one gene
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
A disorder related to a defective recessive gene on chromosome 12 that prevents metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine
Carrier genetic testing
Genetic testing used to determine whether prospective parents are carriers of specific disorder
Prenatal testing
Genetic testing used to asses the fetus’s risk for genetic disorders
Newborn screening
tests used to screen newborn infants for a range of genetic and non genetic disorders
Epigenetics
The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment
methylation
methylmolucles block transcription in the promotor region of the gene, turning of gene activity
Behavior genetics
the science concerned with how variation in behavior and development results from the combination of genetic en environmental factor.
Heritable
refers to characteristics or traits that are genetically transmitted
Heritability
a statistical estimate of the portion of the measured variance on a trait among individuals in a given population that is attributable to genetic differences among those individuals.
Random assortment
- gamete creation 2^23 random
- fertilization 2^23 x 2^23
