Generalist 1 Lab Final G & G Text Flashcards

1
Q

What is a family narrative?

A

The story a family develops about itself, derived largely from its past history and is passed along from one generation to the next.

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2
Q

What does a family narrative do?

A

It defines the ways in which individuals and families deal with their lives based on the family’s constructions.

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3
Q

How can the family narrative negatively impact its members?

A

By preventing members from noticing other aspects of their lives or being able to see other behavioral options. These families typically construct a rationale for the continuation of undesirable behaviors and the lack of alternatives.

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4
Q

What does the postmodernist believe about the family narrative?

A

There is no “true” reality, only the family’s collectively agreed upon set of constructs, created through language and knowledge that is relational and generatively based, that the family calls reality.

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5
Q

Constructivist

A

Each family member constructs personalized views and interpretations of what they might be experiencing together.

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6
Q

What is the constructivist perspective on the family narrative?

A

Families tell themselves stories and develop beliefs about themselves which organize and help shape their lives. Can represent burdensome discourses which can lead them to repeat behaviors that are self-defeating due to the belief that they have limited options.

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7
Q

What are the 6 stages of the Family Life Cycle?

A
  1. Leaving home: single young adults
  2. The joining of families through marriage: the young couple
  3. Families with young children
  4. Families with adolescents
  5. Launching children and moving on
  6. Families in later life
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8
Q

The Key Principle of Leaving home: single young adults Stage

A

Accepting emotional and financial responsibility for self.

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9
Q

The Key Principle of the Joining of families through marriage: the new couple Stage

A

Commitment to new system

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10
Q

Key Principle for families with young children stage

A

Accepting new members into the system.

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11
Q

The Key Principle for families with adolescents stage

A

Increasing flexibility of family boundaries to permit children’s independence and grandparents’ frailties.

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12
Q

The Key Principle of launching children and moving on

A

Accepting a multitude of exits from and entries into family systems.

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13
Q

The Key Principle of families in later life stage

A

Accepting the shifting generational roles.

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14
Q

What are the stages of remarried family formation?

A
  1. Entering the new relationship.
  2. Conceptualizing and planning new marriage and family.
  3. Remarriage and reconstruction of family.
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15
Q

Marital quid pro-quo

A

A relationship with well formulated rules in which each partner gives something and receives something in return.

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16
Q

Redundancy Principle

A

A family interacts in a select few repetitive behavioral sequences when interacting with one another that determine the rules of the family. These rules determine the interactive sequences between family members.

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17
Q

What are metarules?

A

They are the rules about the rules. Typically take the form of unstated family directives with principles for interpreting the rules, enforcing the rules, and changing the rules.

18
Q

Homeostasis

A

Refers to the family’s self-regulating efforts to maintain stability and resist change.

19
Q

What are feedback loops?

A

Circular mechanisms that introduce information about a system’s output back to its input. This governs the system’s functioning and ensure its viability. Systems need both negative and positive feedback.

20
Q

Negative Feedback

A

(Attenuating) Helps to maintain the system’s steady state. New information into the system triggers changes that serve to put the system back “on track.” Maintains a systems status quo.

21
Q

Positive Feedback

A

(Amplifying) Is about changing the system. New information entering the system leads to further change by augmenting or accelerating the initial deviation. Positive feedback accommodates changing conditions.

22
Q

What type of family system is said to have negentropy?

A

Open family system

23
Q

Negentropy, a tendency toward maximum order, allows a family system to…

A

Make positive changes based on feedback.

24
Q

What can happen to a family system that experiences entropy?

A

Considered a closed system, it can gradually regress, decay because of insufficient input, and is prone to disorganization/disorder, particularly if faced with prolonged stress.

25
Q

What is an Ecomap and how is it used?

A

A written diagram of systems mapping the connections between larger and smaller systems. Used to reduce redundant services, discover strengths, and fill gaps in needed services.

26
Q

What is Frieda Fromm-Reichmann known for?

A

Coined the term schizophrenogenic mother which defined a domineering, cold, rejecting, possessive, guilt producing person who, in combination with a passive detached father, causes her male offspring to feel confused and inadequate, ultimately resulting in schizophrenia. Suggested the treatment of those with schizophrenia to be treated individually as to free them from the parents’ noxious influences.

27
Q

What is Gregory Bateson known for?

A

Double-bind communication (conflicting messages) from, in this case a parent to a child, caused the child to escape hurt and punishment by responding with equally conflicting messages as a form of self-protection. Resulting in the manifestation of schizophrenia behavior. This was layer proven wrong as a cause of schizophrenia, but the historical landmark research is a prototype of the consequences of failure in family communication.

28
Q

What role did Theodore Lidz play in his studies of schizophrenia?

A

Argued against Fromm-Reichmann’s ideology that schizophrenia resulted from maternal rejection. Coined marital schism and marital skew

29
Q

What is marital schism?

A

A disharmonious situation in which each parent is preoccupied with their own problems. They are unable to create a satisfactory role in the family that is compatible with the other spouse. Each parent tends to undermine the other in competition for loyalty, affection, sympathy, and support of the child.

30
Q

What is marital skew?

A

Mutually destructive patterns existing within a marriage, but the continuity is not threatened. Typically a home dominated by one parent’s serious psychological disturbance.

31
Q

What is Murray Bowen known for?

A

Coined the term emotional divorce describing a marital relationship that settles on sufficient emotional distance to avoid anxiety. Proposed the idea that schizophrenia is a process that spans at least 3 generations before manifesting in the behavior of a family member. Founded a family therapy training program at Georgetown Medical School in 1956.

32
Q

What are the basics of Object Relations Theory?

A

Views the infant’s experiences in relationship to mother or primary caregiver as main determinant of adult personality formation. Infant’s primary need is attachment to a caring, nurturing caregiver. The belief that people relate to others on the basis of expectations formed by early relationship experiences.

33
Q

What are the basics of Self Psychology?

A

A theory of psychoanalysis, developed by Heinz Kohut, that emphasizes the relationship between the self (person’s personality core) and outside objects as the defining organizational principle of human life. Narcissism is ever-present and represents a stage of development.

34
Q

What is Attachment Theory?

A

Believes the quality of the relationship between infant and primary caregiver affects the sense of self and relationships with others. Secure, anxious, and avoidance attachment styles result from varied attachment experiences.

35
Q

What is Bowen’s Family Theory?

A

A combination of psychodynamic focus on past family relationships on the individual along with the systems approach focusing on the family unit as it presently constituted. Bowen focused on the process of their interactions rather than the content. The core issue for all humans is the attempt to balance family togetherness and individual autonomy.

36
Q

What are the basics of Gestalt Family Therapy?

A

1.Encourages open and honest expression of all emotions.
2. Emphasizes individual growth and development of the Self within family systems.
3. Rests heavily on therapists’ modeling of desired behavior.
4. Leading figure was Walter Kepler.
5. Focuses on the immediate, what people say, how they say it, and what happens when it is said.

37
Q

What is the Human Validation Process Model?

A

Low self-esteem and destructive communication is the cause of family dysfunction. Objective of therapy is to increase self worth and increase congruent communication. Families learn to take risks in expressing feelings openly, congruently, and without defenses. Encourages empathy and connection. Virgina Satir was the leading figure.
Satir developed 4 Dysfunctional Communication Stances in family systems (Placater, Blamer, Super-reasonable, and Irrelevant).

38
Q

What is Structural Family Therapy?

A

2 noteworthy contributions include:
1. Poor families, including those living in chaotic environments, can benefit from family therapy.
2. Examining a family’s structure, including those that are fragments or under-organized, can be a powerful means for treating family dysfunction.
The model recognizes the influence of social factors in family functioning and working within a community’s larger systems. Works to change the systems rigid boundaries and challenges the family’s patterns of interaction, forcing members to look beyond the symptoms of the identified patient.

39
Q

What are the key components of Social Learning Theory?

A

Learning that occurs due to the interaction with other people (cognitive and behavioral). increased exchanges of pleasing behaviors while reducing the number of adverse behaviors through more effective problem-solving skills. Problem definition - stating problems in clear, specific, non-blaming ways while learning one’s own role in the problem. Problem resolution - brainstorming solutions together and learning to negotiate compromise.

40
Q

What are the key issues addressed during the Feminist re-evaluation?

A
  1. Traditional family therapy practices are dominated by male language and attitudes.
  2. Traditional practices unwittingly promote family patterns in which women are devalued, blamed, and made to feel guilty for patterns and lives they have little freedom to change.
  3. Male bias was built into family concepts that take the heterosexual, patriarchal family as the norm; “over involved mother” and “enmeshed family” are sexist and blaming mothers for particular problems.
  4. Feminist informed therapists consider such cybernetic concepts as “circular causality” unacceptable.