General Toxicology

Question 1

8 factors affecting the effect of poison…

Answer 1

Dose
Route of administration
State of poison (gas,powder…)
Age (extremities gg)
Health (kidney/liver disease gg)
Tolerance (addicts)
Cummulation (small+small=large)
Hypersensitivity

Question 2

2 types of synergism are

Answer 2

Summation & Potentiation

Question 3

4 types of antagonism are…

Answer 3

Chemical
Competitive
Non competitive
Physiological

Question 4

What are the 2 ways of elimination of ingested poison?

Answer 4

Emesis induction
Gastric lavage (remember steps?)

Question 5

Induction of emesis of ingested poison contraindicated in…

Answer 5

Corrosive poison
Comatosed patients
Convulsing patients

Question 6

Gastric lavage of ingested poison contraindicated in…

Answer 6

Corrosive posion
Convulsing patients
If 4 hours have past after ingestion of poison

Question 7

How do you make sure the tracheal tube is placed in the trachea?

Answer 7

By placing the free end of the tube in a glass pf water, bubbling= in trachea

Question 8

How do you make sure the gastric tube is placed in the stomach?

Answer 8

Inject air through tube and at same time use stethoscope over stomach bubblung sound= in stomach

Question 9

What are the techniques of emesis

Answer 9

Mechanical: Drink water/milk to dilute poison then tickle back of tongue/pharungeal wall with tongue depressor
Drugs: syrup epicacuanha with water, sodium chloride in water, subcutaneous apomorphine

Question 10

What are the 3 ways of eliminating ingested poison?

Answer 10

Emesis
Gastric lavage
Diuresis

Question 11

What are the 3 types of antidotes

Answer 11

Physical: decrease absorption/cause dilution (activated charcoal)
Chemical: neutralizing,oxidising and reducing
Physiological/pharmacological