General Thyriod Disorders Flashcards
Where is the thyriod gland located?
Neck
What is the Shape of the thyriod gland?
Shield shaped
What is the thyriod cartillage commonly know as?
Hint: when you swallow it moves- if you’re a guy
Adam’s apple
The thyriod gland is located underneath the thyriod cartillage
What complications are there in a surgery involving the whole or part of the thyriod gland being removed?
Has a profound blood supply so it bleeds alot if you remove half a thyriod- has many blood vessels
A whole thyriod- less complications- clamp arteries
Damage to the Left recurrent laryngeal nerve ( vocal cord supply)- risk of cutting it during surgery- can change the tone of your voice.
lable the diagram below
What is the isthmus?
The two wings or lobes on either side of the windpipe are joined together by a bridge of tissue, called the isthmus, which crosses over the front of the windpipe.
Name all the lobes in the thyriod gland and which one is the largest?
Lable the diagram below
Right- Largest
Left
Pyrimidal
Isthmus
What are the names of the glands located within the thyriod gland?
How many of these glands are there within the thyriod gland?
What do they do?
Parathyriod Gland
The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands, located in the neck, that control the body’s calcium levels.
Each gland is about the size of a grain of rice (weighs approximately 30 milligrams and is 3-4 millimeters in diameter).
What is the origin of the thyriod?
Back of the tongue
What is the adult weight of a thyriod gland?
20g
Describe the embryology of the thyriod gland?
The thyriod gland start of at the back of the tongue. So when you are 7 week in utero, the tongue forms a little outpouching and a little lump appers and if you look at a normal tongue at an adult you see a little dimple at the back. That is where the tyriod gland started. The thyriod gland descends through a long little tube as a few cells and when it gets to the right place it grows.
It is important because sometimes the thyriod gland doesn’t descent properly leaving lumps in the neck.
Midline outpouching if floor of pharync (ie base of tongue is origin)
Outpouching forms a duct which elongates down (thyroglossal duct)
MIgrates down neck and devides into two lobes
Final position by 7 weeks
The duct dissappears leaving the foramen caecum (dimple in the back of the tongue)
The thyriod gland then develops
What is the foramen caecum
Dimple in the back of the tongue
What is the average size of each lobe?
Express as Number x number x number cm
4x 2.5 x 2.5 cm
What lobe is the larger lobe in the thyroid gland?
right
Why is the pyramidal lobe useful in imaging?
Help identify the thyroid gland because it is easy to identify the pyramidal lobe
Name the disease in which there is no thyriod gland?
What is the prevalence of Thyriod agenesis?
Thyriod agenisis
1 in 4000 babies have this disease
Name 3 problems of the thyriod gland that is due to abnormal development?
Agenesis (complete abscence)
Incomplete Descent (ie base of the tongue to trachea)
Thyroglossal Cyst (Segment of the duct persists and presents as a lump years later)
What is a thyroglossal cyst?
Segment of the duct persists and presents as a lump years later- can be painful
A thyroglossal cyst is a fibrous cyst that forms from a persistent thyroglossal duct. Thyroglossal cystscan be defined as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland during developmental stages.
Cyst- fluid-filled sacs
What is lingual thyroid?
A lingual thyroid is a specific type of ectopic thyroid and results from the lack of normal caudal migration of thethyroid gland
Ectopic- in an abnormal place or position.