General Theories and Comparative Management

Question 1

environment

Answer 1

should we seek to dominate or live in harmony with nature

Question 2

universalism

Answer 2

belief in universal “truths” over relative (case-by-case) “truths”

Question 3

collectivism

Answer 3

Focus on the group in terms of welfare, planning, decision making, as well as traditions, authority, and conformity

Question 4

individualism

Answer 4

Focus on individual and their responsibility for their own welfare, planning, decision making, as well as willingness to be different from others, non-compliant

Question 5

ethnography

Answer 5

Systematic study of peoples and their societies and cultures

Question 6

Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Model

Answer 6

A comparative management model postulated about five value orientations of cultures and their variations such as human nature being evil / neutral / good and either mutable or immutable.

Question 7

Hofstede Model

Answer 7

A comparative management model based on studies on 100K+ individuals around the world that scores countries based on power distance, individualism, masculinity / femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence.

Question 8

Schwartz Value Survey

Answer 8

A comparative management model that defines ten “universal human values” that are organized by motivational similarities and dissimilarities.

Question 9

ethnocentrism

Answer 9

The belief that one’s own culture is superior any / all others

Question 10

expatriate

Answer 10

Someone who is temporarily assigned a position in different country than their citizenship

Question 11

cultural intelligence

Answer 11

A person’s capability to understand how a person’s cultural background influences their behavior

Question 12

ethnocentrism

Answer 12

The belief that one’s own culture is superior any / all others

Question 13

Taylorism

Answer 13

A colloquial term for Scientific Management- when used is often from a negative sense.

Question 14

Scientific Management

Answer 14

A general theory that applies the concept of empirical model of science to tasks, work, processes, structure or other aspects of an organization

Question 15

Frederick Taylor

Answer 15

Researcher associated with Scientific Management

Question 16

Elton Mayo

Answer 16

Researcher associated with Hawthorne Studies

Question 17

Hawthorne Studies

Answer 17

Scientific management studies performed at Western Electric during 1920s that demonstrated that workers motivation and productivity is impacted by their relationship with management

Question 18

toxic organization

Answer 18

An organization with poor management / worker relationships that severely impacts productivity, job satisfaction, and retention

Question 19

empirical model of science

Answer 19

the scientific method

Question 20

infomercial theories

Answer 20

Term used in class to refer to management theories that may be popular but not backed by rigorous scientific method