General terms

Question 1

infectivity

Answer 1

ability of a pathogen to establish an infection. Dependent upon: pathogenicity, adherance to cells, invasiveness, antigenic switching, and virulence.

Question 2

pathogenicity

Answer 2

ability to cause disease

Question 3

adherence to host cell

Answer 3

pili, fimbriae

Question 4

invasion

Answer 4

ability to penetrate host defence

Question 5

antigenic switching

Answer 5

change shape of their surface antiogens

Question 6

virulence

Answer 6

ability to cause serious illness, usually if they produce toxins

Question 7

nosocomial

Answer 7

hospital acquired

Question 8

iatrogenic

Answer 8

caused by the health professional

Question 9

commensal

Answer 9

normal flora

Question 10

symbiosis

Answer 10

living together

Question 11

synergism

Answer 11

both needed for function

Question 12

lag phase

Answer 12

metabolic activity without division. constant number of organisms

Question 13

log phase

Answer 13

exponential growth. doubling over and over

Question 14

stationary

Answer 14

division and death are equal due to nutrients running out

Question 15

death

Answer 15

all nutrients used up, accumulation of waste products

Question 16

controlling bacterial growth

Answer 16

heat, irradiation, antimicrobial agents, and antibiotics

Question 17

disease triangle

Answer 17

AKA communicable disease or Epidemiological triangle, host, agent, environment

Question 18

viruses adaptation for survival

Answer 18

antigenic shift

Question 19

bacterial and fungi adaptation for survival

Answer 19

spores

Question 20

Parasites adaptation for survival

Answer 20

cysts