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Music GCSE > General terminology > Flashcards

General terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define “compound time”

A

Each beat is subdivided into 3 quavers

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2
Q

Define “syncopation”

A

When any off beat is accented

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3
Q

Trill =

A

Vibratory sound/technique

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4
Q

Swing/ shuffle rhythm =

A

In compound time, beats in ratio 2:1

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5
Q

Metre =

A

Time signature

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6
Q

4 types of tonality

A

major, minor, modal, atonal

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7
Q

tonal =

A

major/minor

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8
Q

modal =

A

music with an unconventional scale

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9
Q

atonal =

A

music has no key

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10
Q

modulation =

A

changing key

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11
Q

What is a tremolo?

A

Often played on strings:a rapid repetition of one note.

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12
Q

types of cadence

A

perfect, plagal, interrupted, imperfect, tièrce de picardie

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13
Q

which cadence: between chords 1 and 5

A

perfect

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14
Q

which cadence: between chords 1 and 4

A

plagal

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15
Q

which cadence ends in the relative minor when it should end in the tonic?

A

interrupted

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16
Q

which cadence ends on chord 5

A

imperfect

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17
Q

which cadence ends in the relative major of the tonic, where the key is minor?

A

tièrce de picardie

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18
Q

rubato =

A

expressive changes in tempo

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19
Q

increase in tempo =

A

accelerando

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20
Q

decrease in tempo =

A

rallentando/decelerando

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21
Q

getting softer =

A

decrescendo/diminuendo

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22
Q

getting louder =

A

crescendo

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23
Q

3 string techniques

A

pizzicato, arco, con sordino

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24
Q

pizzicato =

A

string technique, plucking

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25
Q

arco =

A

string technique, played with bow

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26
Q

con sordino =

A

string technique, played with a mute

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27
Q

types of texture (10 total)

A

monophonic/unison, homophonic, polyphonic/contrapuntal, octaves, call + response, antiphonal, melody + accompaniment, imitation, canon, a capella.

28
Q

monophonic texture =

A

only 1 melodic line (different instruments can be playing, but always the same notes)

29
Q

homophonic texture =

A

chordal, in harmony. all parts move at same rhythm, but play different notes.

30
Q

portamento =

A

slides on string instruments

31
Q

glissando =

A

slide

32
Q

what is harmonic rhythm?

A

the speed at which the chords change

33
Q

word for when chords don’t clash

A

consonance/concordance

34
Q

words for when chords clash

A

dissonance

35
Q

what is anacrusis?

A

when a piece starts on an unaccented beat of the bar (e.g. the “a” in “a-way in a manger” starts on the 3rd beat)

36
Q

what is hemiola?

A

a rhythmic device. music written in duple metre is temporarily accented to make it feel like it’s in triple metre, or vice versa.

37
Q

what’s the word for when 2+ contrasting rhythms are played simultaneously?

A

polyrhythmic

38
Q

4 types of polyrhythms

A

bi-rhythm, vertical hemiola, triplets played against standard notes, cross rhythms

39
Q

bi-rhythm =

A

2 lines played at same time

40
Q

vertical hemiola =

A

different instruments accented differently to give the impression that they’re playing in different time signatures

41
Q

triplets =

A

a beat subdivided into 3

42
Q

cross-rhythm =

A

accents on 2 instruments are out of sync (e.g. violin note accented every 3 beats, and piano note accented every 4 beats)

43
Q

what is a scotch snap?

A

accentation other way round to dotted quaver rhythms. semiquaver is on the beat and accented, followed by a dotted quaver.

44
Q

give 4 italian tempo terms for slow

A

largo, grave, larghetto, adagio

45
Q

give 2 italian tempo terms for medium speed

A

andante (walking pace), moderato

46
Q

give 3 italian tempo terms for fast

A

allegro, vivace, presto

47
Q

what is augmentation?

A

rhythmically means note lengths are increased (gives illusion of slowing down). harmonically means chords or intervals are expanded (larger spaces between notes).

48
Q

what is diminution?

A

rhythmically means note lengths are decreased (gives illusion of speeding up). harmonically means chords or intervals are compressed (smaller spaces between notes).

49
Q

ritenuto =

A

holding back the pace

50
Q

allargando =

A

slowing down, getting broader

51
Q

a tempo =

A

go back to the original BPM/pace

52
Q

what is the marking for a strong and sudden accent?

A

sforzando (sfz)

53
Q

pentatonic scale =

A

5 note scale

54
Q

notes in major pentatonic scale =

A

1,2,3,5,6

55
Q

notes in minor pentatonic scale =

A

1,3,4,5,7 of natural minor scale

56
Q

melodic interval vs. harmonic interval

A

melodic = one note after the other. harmonic = played at same time

57
Q

alberti bass =

A

method of playing an arpeggiated chord: 1, 5, 3, 5 played in sequence

58
Q

melismatic =

A

more than one note sung per syllable

59
Q

syllabic =

A

one note sung per syllable

60
Q

word-painting =

A

where the music matches the words (like onomatopoeia)

61
Q

What is portamento?

A

When a singer slides from one note to another- like glissando.

62
Q

What is scat?

A

Improvisation using syllables like “doo” and “dat”. This comes from jazz.

63
Q

backbeat =

A

A strong accent on one of the normally unaccented beats of the bar

64
Q

shuffle rhythm =

A

where the first beat in a pair may be twice (or more) the duration of the second. based on triplet subdivisions of the beat, rather than on dividing each beat perfectly in half

65
Q

swung rhythm =

A

the beat (typically a crotchet) is divided into 2 parts, and the former is twice as long and more accented than the latter.

66
Q

strophic =

A

verse-chorus structure where the chord patterns and melodies repeat.

67
Q

a vamp =

A

a short sequence of chords that gets repeated for an extended period

Music GCSE (17 decks)

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