General Terminology Flashcards
What are methods of studying anatomy?
Cadaver (dissections and prosections)
&
THE LIVING BODY
- surface anatomy
- endoscopy
- organ imaging
What is it important to remember about the language of anatomy?
Highly specialised language Precise & universal Nomina anatomica (International Terminology) • Latin or Greek derivation • Be aware of eponyms (eg named after a person who discovered it) • Descriptive
What does bi- mean
two eg bilateral
What does -cyte mean
cell eg osteocyte
What does ex- mean
out; away from eg exocytosis
What does micro- mean?
small eg microscopic
What does sub- mean?
under; below eg sublingual gland
Regions of the body
Head & neck
Trunk: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, perineum
Limbs: upper limb, lower limb
What is Anatomical Position?
PLANES
Directions
Superior/Inferior
Posteria/Anteria
Medial/Lateral
Proximal/Distal
Invagination
and
Evagination
Deep
and
Superficial
Sections
Logitudinal
Transverse
Oblique
Movement:
Flexion
and
Extension
Abduction/Adduction and Rotation
Rotations
Lateral (away)
Medial (inwards)
Pronation
Supination
Opposition
Reposition
What are body cavities lined by
Cerous membranes - allows for movement of the organs within the cavities
What are bones?
- Rigid connective tissue
- Support body
- Living tissues
- Can heal, atrophy, be absorbed, hypertrophy
- Protect vital structures
- Basis for movement
- Produce blood cells
- Store salts
What is a foramen?
Hole in a bone usually for something to go through.
Eg blood vessel or nerve
What is a fossa
Shallow depression in a bone - something sits in it
What are condyle, epicondyle, linea, tubercle, tuberosity
Bumps on bones - where something attaches.
Eg a muscle. The bigger the bump, the bigger the muscle
What is the axial skeleton?
All the bones sitting on the middle axix of the body.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The upper and lower limbs and the bones that attach the to the axial skeleton.
Different kinds of joints (x3)
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Synovial Joints
BONE – CARTILAGE – SYNOVIAL CAVITY –
CARTILAGE – BONE
- Fluid-filled cavity
- Sliding, rolling & twisting movements
- Articular cartilage
- Joint ( articular) capsule:
- Outer fibrous capsule
- Inner synovial membrane – synovial fluid
Veins
Carry dirty (de-oxygentated) blood to the heart
Arteries
Carry clean (oxygenated) blood away from the heart
