General Terminology

Question 1

What are methods of studying anatomy?

Answer 1

Cadaver (dissections and prosections)

&

THE LIVING BODY

• surface anatomy
• endoscopy
• organ imaging

Question 2

What is it important to remember about the language of anatomy?

Answer 2

Highly specialised language Precise & universal Nomina anatomica (International Terminology) • Latin or Greek derivation • Be aware of eponyms (eg named after a person who discovered it) • Descriptive

Question 3

What does bi- mean

Answer 3

two eg bilateral

Question 4

What does -cyte mean

Answer 4

cell eg osteocyte

Question 5

What does ex- mean

Answer 5

out; away from eg exocytosis

Question 6

What does micro- mean?

Answer 6

small eg microscopic

Question 7

What does sub- mean?

Answer 7

under; below eg sublingual gland

Question 8

Regions of the body

Answer 8

Head & neck

Trunk: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, perineum

Limbs: upper limb, lower limb

Question 9

What is Anatomical Position?

Answer 9

Question 10

PLANES

Answer 10

Question 11

Directions

Answer 11

Superior/Inferior

Posteria/Anteria

Medial/Lateral

Proximal/Distal

Question 12

Invagination

and

Evagination

Answer 12

Question 13

Deep

and

Superficial

Answer 13

Question 14

Sections

Answer 14

Logitudinal

Transverse

Oblique

Question 15

Movement:

Flexion

and

Extension

Answer 15

Question 16

Abduction/Adduction and Rotation

Answer 16

Question 17

Rotations

Answer 17

Lateral (away)

Medial (inwards)

Question 18

Pronation

Supination

Opposition

Reposition

Answer 18

Question 19

What are body cavities lined by

Answer 19

Cerous membranes - allows for movement of the organs within the cavities

Question 20

What are bones?

Answer 20

• Rigid connective tissue
• Support body
• Living tissues
• Can heal, atrophy, be absorbed, hypertrophy
• Protect vital structures
• Basis for movement
• Produce blood cells
• Store salts

Question 21

What is a foramen?

Answer 21

Hole in a bone usually for something to go through.

Eg blood vessel or nerve

Question 22

What is a fossa

Answer 22

Shallow depression in a bone - something sits in it

Question 23

What are condyle, epicondyle, linea, tubercle, tuberosity

Answer 23

Bumps on bones - where something attaches.

Eg a muscle. The bigger the bump, the bigger the muscle

Question 24

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 24

All the bones sitting on the middle axix of the body.

Question 25

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 25

The upper and lower limbs and the bones that attach the to the axial skeleton.

Question 26

Different kinds of joints (x3)

Answer 26

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 27

Synovial Joints

Answer 27

BONE – CARTILAGE – SYNOVIAL CAVITY –

CARTILAGE – BONE

• Fluid-filled cavity
• Sliding, rolling & twisting movements
• Articular cartilage
• Joint ( articular) capsule:
• Outer fibrous capsule
• Inner synovial membrane – synovial fluid

Question 28

Veins

Answer 28

Carry dirty (de-oxygentated) blood to the heart

Question 29

Arteries

Answer 29

Carry clean (oxygenated) blood away from the heart