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ASSESSMENT FALL'14 EXAM 1 > General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs Ch.9 > Flashcards

General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs Ch.9 Flashcards

1
Q

What areas should you consider when doing a general survey?

A
  1. physical apperance
  2. body structure
  3. mobility
  4. behavior
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2
Q

redness of the skin

A

erythema

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3
Q

weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness.

A

cachexia; being cachectic

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4
Q

tripod- leaning forward with arms braced on chair arms; occurs with _____.

A

chronic pulmonary diease

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5
Q

patient sitting straight up and resist lying down indicates….

A

congestive heart failure

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6
Q

difficulty stopping with gait

A

propulsion

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7
Q

the ability to form words

A

articulation

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8
Q

a practical marker of optimal healthy weight for height and an indicator of obesity or malnutrition.

A

BMI

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9
Q

Body Structure

A

Stature- height normal for age & genetics

Nutrition-weight appears normal range for height
& fat evenly distributed

Symmetry-body parts equal & proportioned

Posture-stands comfortably erect for age

Position- sits comfortably arms relaxed, head
turned to examiner

Body build,contour-arm span=height,crown to
pubis roughly= pubis to sole

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10
Q

Obesity caused by an internal malfunction, usually hormonal (i.e. thyroid disorder).

A

endogenous obesity - cushings syndrome

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11
Q

mobility

A

gait- normal walking

Range of motion- full mobility of joints & well
No involuntary movement

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12
Q

physical apperance

A

Age-appears his/her stated age

Sex- sex development appropriate for gender/age

Level of Conscience-alert & oriented

Skin color-tone even,pigmentation, on lesions

Facial Features-symmetric w/movement

No signs of acute distress present

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13
Q

A healthy BMI is a level of ___ or greater to less than ___.

A

19, 25

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14
Q

The body maintains a steady temperature through a ______ regulated in the _____.

A

thermostat, or feedback mechanism

hypothalamus of the brain

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15
Q

The normal temperature is influenced by :

A

a diurnal cycle
menstration cycle
exercise
age

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16
Q

When taking oral temperature, wait __ mins if the person has just taken hot or ice liquids and ___ mins if he or she has just smoked.

A

15, 2

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17
Q

the __ temperature is accurate and convenient.

A

oral

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18
Q

fast and accurate, safe, unbreakable, and disposable for temperature

A

electronic thermometer

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19
Q

when other routes are not practical, coma, shock, confused, etc…

A

rectal

20
Q

senses infrared emissions of the eardrum, which shares the vascular supply with the hypothalamus . accurate measurement of the core tempertature

A

tympanic membrance thermometer (TMT)

21
Q

This thermometer is used with unconscious patients or with those is emergency departments, recovery rooms, labor and delivery units.

A

TMT ; studies do not show support in critically ill patients.

22
Q

amount of blood pumped into aorta with each beat (about 70ml in adult)

A

stroke volume

23
Q

assess the pulse, including __, __, and __.

A

rate, rhythm, force

24
Q

abnormally slow heartbeat ( in adult less than 50 bpm, and not an athlete)

A

bradycardia

25
Q

The pulse rate varies with gender; after puberty, females have a slightly ___ rate than males.

A

faster

26
Q

abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 90 beats per minute)

A

tachycardia

27
Q

The rate usually increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration (towards normal). , irregular heartbeat originating in the sinoatrial node

A

sinus arrhythmia

28
Q

a ___ pulse reflects a decreased stroke volume ( as occurs with hemorrhagic shock)

A

weak, thready

29
Q

a fairly constant ratio of pulse rate to respiratory rate exist, which is about ___.

A

4:1

30
Q

maximum pressure felt on artery during left ventricle contraction, or systole

A

systolic pressure

31
Q

occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery

A

diastolic pressure

32
Q

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure and reflects the stroke volume

A

pulse pressure

33
Q

pressure that drives blood into the tissues averaged over the entire cardiac cycle

A

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

34
Q

normal factors varying BP

A

Age- gradual rise thru childhood into adulthood

Gender- after puberty females lower;after menopause females higher

Race-black adults higher than whites

Diurnal rhythm-daily cycle- BP climbs to high in
afternoon and low in morning

Weight-higher in obese

Exercise-increased activity yields higher BP

Emotions- momentarily rises w/ fear, anger, pain

Stress-elevated w/ continual tension

35
Q

BP is determined by what factors?

A 
Cardiac output
 Peripheral vascular resistance
 Volume of circulating blood
 Viscosity
 Elasticity of vessel walls
36
Q

using a cuff that is too ___ yeilds a falsely high BP because it takes extra pressure to compress the artery

A

narrow

37
Q

Period during which sound disappears then reappears when taking a blood pressure measurement ( temporary disappearance of sound when taking a patient’s BP)

A

auscultatory gap

38
Q

low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up

A

orthostatic hypotension

39
Q

congenital narrowing of aorta

A

coarctation

40
Q

Deficiency in growth hormone in childhood results in retardation of growth below the 3rd percentile, delayed puberty, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency.

A

hypopituitary dwarfism

41
Q

condition of overgrowth due to hyperpituitarism occuring before puberty and during the growing years

A

gigantism

42
Q

enlargement of the extremities (and bones of the face, head, hands, and feet caused by excessive production of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland after puberty)

A

acromegaly (hyperpituaitarism)

43
Q

inherited condition that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth plates, forming long arms and legs

A

marfans syndrome

44
Q

Congenital skeletal malformation caused by a genetic disorder in converting cartilage to bone.

A

achondroplastic dwarfism

45
Q

(psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated

A

anorexia nervosa

46
Q

Obesity caused by an internal malfunction, usually hormonal (i.e. thyroid disorder). (adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol.)

A

endogenous obesity- cushings syndrome p.155

47
Q

Administration of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary that leads to stimulation of adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol

A

endogenous obesity

ASSESSMENT FALL'14 EXAM 1 (7 decks)

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