general surgery - pass med

Question 1

Inguinal vs femoral hernia

Answer 1

Inguinal - above and medial to pubic tubercle
-out of inguinal ring

femoral - below and lateral to pubic tubercle
-under inguinal ligament

Question 2

small vs large bowel obstruction

Answer 2

Small - lines all the way across

• central
• max diameter 3.5cm

Large - lines only 1/3

• peripheral
• max diameter 5.5cm

Question 3

ECG features in hypo and hyperkalaemia

Answer 3

ECG changes include flattening and inversion of T waves in mild hypokalemia, followed by Q-T interval prolongation, visible U wave and mild ST depression

hyperkalaemia 
Peaking of T waves (occurs first)
Loss of P waves
Broad QRS complexes
Ventricullar fibrillation

Question 4

Burns - fluid replacement

Answer 4

Cyrstalloid or hartmans
= %body x 4ml x body weight
half given in first 8 hours
then rest in next 16hrs

-then after 24 hrs - 0.5ml x %body x weight- colloid or 1.5ml for crystaloid