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4th year presentations > General Surgery > Flashcards

General Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

List potential complications of laparotomy

A 
Wound breakdown
Wound dehiscence
Infection
Haematoma
Smoking leads to poor healing
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2
Q

List potential complications of biliary surgery

A 
Fistula
Cholangitis
Bleeding
Jaundice
Peritonitis
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3
Q

List potential complications of arterial surgery

A 
Bleeding
Thrombosis
Embolism
Graft infection
Fistula
Ischaemia
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4
Q

List potential complications of colon surgery

A 
Sepsis
Ileus
Fistula
Anastomotic leak
Haemorrhage
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5
Q

List potential complications of small bowel surgery

A

Short gut syndrome (less than 250 cm)

Malabsorption (ADEK, B12, bile salts)

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6
Q

List potential complications of total parenteral nutrition

A

Sepsis (Staph, Candida, Pseudomonas)
Thrombosis
Metabolic disturbance
Refeeding syndrome (hypophosphatemia)

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7
Q

List conditions typically presenting as an acute abdomen in the RUQ

A

Ruptured spleen/colon
Gastric ulcer
AAA
Pyelonephritis

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8
Q

List conditions typically presenting as an acute abdomen in the epigastrum

A

Pancreatitis

Peptic ulcer perforation

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9
Q

List conditions typically presenting as an acute abdomen in the LUQ

A

Cholecystitis
Duodenal ulcer perforation
Hepatitis
Pyelonephritis

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10
Q

List conditions typically presenting as an acute abdomen in the RLQ

A 
Appendicitis
Salpingitis
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Strangulated hernia
Psoas abscess
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11
Q

List conditions typically presenting as an acute abdomen in the LLQ

A 
Divericulitis
Abscess
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Strangulated hernia
Perforated colon
IBD
Renal stones
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12
Q

What investigations would you generally do for an acute abdomen?

A 
FBC, U+E, amylase, LFT, CRP, ABG
Urinalysis
Erect CXR, AXR
Laparoscopy
USS
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13
Q

Outline general management of an acute abdomen

A 
Treat shock
Crossmatch/G+S blood
Antibiotics (amox met gent)
Pain relief
IV fluids
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14
Q

List clinical features of colorectal carcinoma

A

Can depend on site
Left: PR bleed, altered bowels, obstructive symptoms, tenesmus, PR mass
Right: weight loss, low Hb, abdo pain

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15
Q

What investigations would you do for colorectal carcinoma?

A

FBC
FOB test screening every 2 years
Sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy
CEA monitoring

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16
Q

Outline management of colorectal carcinoma

A 
Hemicolectomy
Anterior resection if low sigmoid/high rectal
AP resection if low rectal
Hartmann's procedure in emergency
Radio/chemotherapy adjuvant
17
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Fluid in tunica vaginalisis surrounding testes, usually due to patent processus vaginalis

18
Q

Visceral pain from foregut organs is usually perceived where?

A

Epigastrium

19
Q

Visceral pain from midgut organs is usually perceived where?

A

Periumbilical region/centre of abdomen

20
Q

Visceral pain from hindgut organs is usually perceived where?

A

Suprapubic region

21
Q

What are the two main types of hiatus hernia?

A

Sliding

Paraoesophageal/rolling

22
Q

What is a sliding hiatus hernia?

A

Gastro-oesophageal junction slides upwards into chest

23
Q

List aetiology/risk factors for sliding hiatus hernia

A

Obesity
Ageing
Ineffective lower oes sphincter

24
Q

List clinical features of sliding hiatus hernia

A 
Heartburn
Waterbrash
Regurgitation
Worst at night
Reflux
25
Q

What investigations would you do for hiatus hernia?

A

Barium swallow
Endoscopy + biopsy to query Barrett’s
Oesophageal function tests (manometry, pH)
CXR

26
Q

Outline management of hiatus hernia

A

Antacids, PPI
Lifestyle - stop smoking, reduce alcohol
Surgery to strengthen sphincter/repair hiatus defect

27
Q

What is a paraoesophageal hiatus hernia?

A

All or part of stomach herniates through oesophageal hiatus

Gastro-oesophageal junction remains in position

28
Q

List clinical features of paraoesophageal hiatus hernia

A

Asymptomatic
Obstructive symptoms
Distention

4th year presentations (22 decks)

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