General Specifications Flashcards
Name the parts of a grape (4)
Pulp, skin, seeds and stems
How does the skin of a grape contribute to wine?
Creates colours, tannins and flavours
How do the seeds and stems of a grape contribute to wine?
Tannins
What does a vine need to produce healthy grapes (5)?
Warmth, sunlight CO2, water, nutrients
Name the stages of grape formation (4)
Flowering, Fruit Set, Veraison, Ripening
Name the tree types of grape ripeness (3)
Unripe, ripe and extra-ripe
What happens to the acid and sugar levels in grapes as they ripen?
Acid drops, sugar increases
As grapes ripen, they develop greater herbaceous flavours. True/False
False, the herbaceous flavours decrease as grapes ripen.
How do the aromas in a white grape change as the grape ripens?
It goes from green fruit and citrus to stone fruit and tropical fruits.
A less ripe black grape has less tannin than one that is more ripe. True/False
True, tannins continue to develop as grapes age.
Which stage of the grape formation does the grape actually begin to develop into small, hard, dark green berries?
Fruit Set
What part of the formation process sees the grapes start to swell and ripen?
Veraison
What is the temperature range for a moderate climate during the growing season?
16.5 to 18.5
What season are vines typically pruned?
Winter
Name two ways grape growers irrigate their vines.
Flood the field
Add water systems to water individual vines
What are fungicides used to control?
To kill fungal disease
Why would a grape grower use a herbicide
To control weeds
If a vineyard is certified organic, they are still able to use fungicide. True/False
True, some sprays are permitted to control really bad fungal diseases
What is yield?
The measure of the number of grapes produced per unit of area.
What is the risk of a high yield (2)?
Diluted flavours and lower sugar levels.
What is the risk off a low yield?
The crop will be too small to be commercially viable.
Hand harvesting produces are far greater quality of wine. True/False
False
Describe grapes that are harvested earlier in the ripening process.
Sugar
Acid
Flavours
Low Sugar
High Acid
Herbaceous FWhelavours
Describe grapes that are harvested later in the ripening process.
Sugar
Acid
Flavours
High Sugar
Low Acid
Ripe Flavours
What type of wine is typically produced from extra ripe grapes?
Sweet Wines
Describe the ideal weather conditions for Botrytis to be beneficial.
Damp misty mornings
Warm, dry afternoons
What type of wines is typically produced from grapes affected by noble rot?
Sweet wines.
Frozen grapes produce the best wines when they thaw before they are pressed. True/False
False, they need to be frozen at time of pressing,
List the labelling terms used in the EU (2)
PDO, PGI
List the labelling terms used in France (4)
AOC/AOP, VdP, IGP