Fortified Wines Flashcards
What are the two types of fortified wines.
Sherry and Port
All port is sweet. True/False
True
Sherry can be dry or sweet. True/False
True
Where is Sherry produced in Spain
Jerez de le Frontera
What is the most common wine used to make Sherry
Palomino
In the Sherry making process, when is alcohol added to fortify the wine?
Once fermentation is complete
What is the name of a system of old oak casks containing wines of different ages.
Solera
Wines of only one vintage are used when making Sherry. True/False
False
How does Sherry develop its distinctive flavours
In the Solera system
Name three dry Sherry styles
Fino
Oloroso
Amontillado
What is Flor
A thick white layer of yeast
Which type of Sherry is made using Flor
Fino
In Fino Sherry what is the abv fortified to before it enter the solera
15%
What is the point of Flor
To protect the Sherry from oxygen
Describe the following for a Fino Sherry
Colour
Aromas
Pale Lemon
Apple and Almonds
Biscuit
Bread Dough
Where does Fino Sherry get its Biscuit and Bread Dough aromas from
Flor
Fino Sherry should be aged before serving.
False, it should be consumed young or it will lose its freshness
Fino Sherry is best served Chilled or Lightly Chilled?
Chilled
Which Sherry style uses Flor in the process.
Fino Sherry
Flor can survive up to 17% alcohol
False
To what alcohol level is Olorosa fortified to
17%
How does Oloroso age?
Oxidatively
Describe the colour and flavours of Oloroso Sherry
Brown
Dried Fruits (Raisins, Prunes)
Walnuts and Caramels
What flavours come from deliberate oxidization in the Sherry making process
Walnuts and Caramel
Does Amontillado Sherry age oxidatively or under flor
Both, first it ages under flor and is then refortified for 17% abv which kills the floor and allows the wine to age oxidatively until it’s bottled
Are Amontillado Sherries darker or lighter than Fino SherriesW\
Darker
Describe the flavours in Amontillado Sherry
Biscuit and bread dough from flor
Walnuts and caramel from oxidative ageing.
Do sweet sherries have to identify on the label that they have been sweetened?
Yes
Name three types of sweet sherries
Pale cream
Medium
Cream
Which dry sherry is used to make Pale Cream Sherry
Fino
Is PX Sherry (Pedro Ximenez) a dry or sweet sherry.
Sweet
How are the grapes concentrated in PX Sherry
Sun drying
Is PX sherry aged oxidatively or with Flor
Oxidatively in the solera
Describe the colour and flavours of a PX sherry
Almost black
Fig, prune and raisin
Which Sherry is often used as the sweetening component in Cream sherries
PX
Where in Portugal are the grapes grown to produce Port.
Upper Duoro
Most ports are made from black grape varieties from single vintages. True/False
False
Foot treading is a traditional method in extracting colour and tannin from grapes when making sherry. True/False
False, it’s used in the port making process
How is fermentation interrupted when making port?
Adding grape spirit
What type of port is deeply coloured and fruity
Ruby Ports
What type of vessels are used for aging port
Large old oak vessels
Describe the flavour profile of a ruby port
Black cherry and blackberry and sometimes black pepper
Name three types of ruby style ports
Ruby ports
Reserve Ruby Ports
Late Bottled vintage (LBV)
Late bottle vintage ports use wines from a variety of vintages. True/False
False
Vintage port should be consumed when young to ensure the quality flavours. True/False
So false
Does vintage port have any tannin characteristcs?
Yes, high tannin
Describe the color change in Vintage Port as it ages
Rub to garnet
What are some tertiary flavours that come from an aged Vintage Port?
Dried fruit, leather and coffee
Vintage port does not need to be decanted. True/false
True, it has a thick sediment and needs t be decanted
Vintage ports are produced annually using the best quality grapes from that year. True/False
False, it is declared only in the best years
How does Tawny port get its colour
Oxidative aging
Tawny port is aged in small or large barrels?
Small
Describe the aromas in a Tawny Port
Dried fruit
Walnut, coffee and caramel
Describe the flavours, tannin and colour intensity of an inexpensive Tawny Port
Fruity, low tannin and pale
