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Bio 139 Test 5 > General Special senses > Flashcards

General Special senses Flashcards

1
Q

4 General Senses

A

Temperature; Pain; stretch; pressure(touch)

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2
Q

5 Special Senses

A

Taste; Smell; vision; hearing; equilibrium

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3
Q

What do receptor respond to?

A

Stimuli

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4
Q

Area receptor cover is called?

A

Receptive Field

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5
Q

Tonic Receptors

A

Respond continuously to stimuli at a constant rate examples are the balance receptors in the ear that keep the head upright(MAINTAIN SENSITIVITY)

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6
Q

Phasic Receptors

A

Phasic receptors detect a new stimulus or a change in a stimulus that has already been applied; but over time their SNESITIVITY DECREASES (skin with clothes)

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7
Q

Modality of stimulus(receptor classification(6)

A

1) Chemoreceptors(chemical) 2) Thermoreceptors 3) Photoreceptors(light) 4) Mechanoreceptors (movement/stretch) 5) Baroreceptors(pressure) 6) Noioreceptors(Pain)

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8
Q

Tactile receptors 4 CHAR

A

1) Most numerous; 2) mechanoreceptors that respond to touch; 3)pressure; & 4)vibration

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9
Q

Types of Tactile receptors and difference

A

1) Unencapsulated(no CT covering) 2) Encapsulated (CT covering)

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10
Q

Types of Unencapsulated Receptors (tactile) (3)

A

1) Free Nerve endings(dendrite branches) 2) Root hair plexuses (around hair follicle) 3) Merkel (tactile) Discs(touch re texture and shape)(light pressure)

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11
Q

Encapsulated receptors Types(Tactile) 4

A

1)Krause bulbs(light pressure) 2) Pacinian corpuscles(onion) (deep pressure; vibration) 3) Ruffini corpuscles(deep pressure; skin distortion) 4) Meissner (tactile) corpuscles(fine touch & texture)

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12
Q

Gustation and Gustatory receptors

A

Taste and taste bunds

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13
Q

4 Papillae of the Tongue

A

1) Filiform 2) Fungiform 3)Vallate(circumvallate) 4) Foliate

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14
Q

Filiform

A

Hair of fire; short and spiked; ant 2/3 of tongue; no taste buds

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15
Q

Fungiform

A

Block like few taste buds

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16
Q

Vallate (Circumvallate)

A

Back of the tongue Inverted V shape Largest but least numerous; Taste bud within papillae walls

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17
Q

Folate

A

Few taste buds post/lat sides of tongue

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18
Q

Gustatory cells are enclosed by?

A

Supporting cells

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19
Q

What is the receptive portion of a Taste bud and life span?

A

Gustatory microvilli (7-10day life span

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20
Q

5 Taste sensations

A

1)Salty 2)Sweet 3) Sour(protection) 4) Bitter(protection) 5) Umami (savory beefy mgs)

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21
Q

Accessory structure for Vision (5)

A

1) Eyelid 2)Eyebrow 3)Eyelash 4)Tarsal glands(oily secretion) 5 Conjunctiva(lubricates eye)

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22
Q

what is inflamed with pink eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

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23
Q

ocular vs palpebral conjunctiva

A

Ocular - external; anterior surface of the eye; Palpebral- internal surface of the eyelid

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24
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus (parts) 6

A

1) Lacrimal gland 2)Lacrimal fluid (tears) 3) Lacrimal canaliculi 4) Lacrimal sac 5) Nasolacrimal duct6) Nasal cavity

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25
Lacrimal gland
makes lacrimal fluid (Tears)
26
Lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal canaliculus that drains lacrimal fluid into a rounded lacrimal sac
27
Nasolacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct receives the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac. This duct; which is along the lateral side of the nose; delivers the drained fluid into the nasal cavity(runny nose)
28
How much of the eye is in the orbital
80%
29
Eye Cavities and what they contain
Anterior: anterior to lens; posterior to cornea Posterior(vitreous) posterior to lens anterior to retina
30
Layers of the eye Wall 3
1) Fibrous tunic(CT) 2)Vascular Tunic(blood vessels) 3) Neural tunic(neurons)
31
Fibrous Tunic contains
Cornea and Sclera
32
Cornea(4)
In the fibrous tunic 1) Anterior transparent(convex) 2) Refracts light rays 3) No blood vessels
33
Sciera(2)
IN fibrous tunic; tough outer white of the eye
34
Vascular tunic contains(3)
1) Choroid 2) Ciliary Body 3) Iris
35
Choroid (4)
1) In vascular tunic 2) Posterior 3) Has capillaries 4) Melanocytes
36
Ciliary Body (2)
1) Ring of sm muscle 2) Ciliary muscle
37
Iris
In vascular tunic; 1) Colored disc 2) Black hold pupil (controls pupil size with muscle (sphincter pupillae -constrict; dilator pupillae)
38
Neural tunic contains
Retina (neurons)
39
Retina
In Neural Tunic; Inner neural layer; 1) Has photoreceptors and neurons(convert light rays into nervous impulses)
40
Photoreceptors cell 2 parts
Rods: dark dim light 2) Cones (high-intensity light; color vision)
41
What kind of cells are in retina 4
1) Photo rectors cells 2) Bipolar cells 3) Ganglion cells 4) Macula lutea
42
Bipolar cells
1) Rare bipolar neurons and horizontal cells(also in olfactory)
43
Ganglion cells
1) Extend through optic disc to merge w/ optic nerve 2) Aminacrine cells
44
Optic Disc has no?
Photoreceptors Called the blind spot
45
Macula lutea
Fovea centralis- Sharpe's vision
46
What focuses light on the retina
Len
47
Lens contains
Suspensory ligaments and ciliary muscles
48
Lens relaxation
Increase tension; Lens flattens(view far away)
49
Lens contraction
Decrease tension; lens is spherical(for view close up)]
50
Visual Pathway in order (5)
Photoreceptors cells -> Bipolar ganglion -> Optic nerve ->Optic chiasm -> Occipital lobe
51
Ear Anatomy
1) External Ear(auricle) 2) External auditory canal 3) Middle Ear 4) Inner Ear
52
Other name for External ear and Tissue
Auricle - Elastic C
53
External auditory Canal End where and contains
Terminates at tympanic membrane Contains Ceruminous Glands(ear wax)
54
Middle Ear Contains(3)
Tympanic cavity 2) Eustachian (auditory) tube 3) Auditory ossicles
55
Auditory Ossicles 3 parts
Malleus (hammer) attached to Tympanic membrane 2) Incus (anvil) 3) Stapes(stirrup) Fits into oval window
56
How many auditory ossicles are there?
6 (3 on each side)
57
Bony Labyrinth vs Membranous Labyrinth
Bony Labyrinth surrounds Bone (no pink) whereas Membranous is surround by pink
58
Perilymph
Fluid In Bone Labyrinth
59
Endolymph
Fluid found in membranous labyrinth
60
Inner ear Regions (3)
1) Semicircular Canals 2) Cochlea(snail) 3) Vestibule(mid section)
61
Vestibule contain
Macula(epithelium tissues inside)(utricle and saccule) 2)Hair cells (receptor for hearing and equilibrium
62
Hair cells in Vestibule contain
Many stereocilia and One Kinocilium(tall)
63
Linear Equilibrium mechanics
Forward/backwards ( movements and acceleration)
64
Linear Equilibrium mechanics(CELLS)
Stereocilia & kinocilium embedded in gelatinous layer with Otoliths with jello like otolithic membrane on top. When a movement happens gel moves pulling hairs and then senign can action potential through nerve
65
Calcium Specks
Otithics
66
Rotational movements/acceleration Equilibrium mechanics happen in the?
3 Semicircular canals within Ampulla(3)
67
Ampulla
3 Within semicircular canals; Expanded region called Crista ampullaris which has hair (stereocilia and kinocilium) and supporting cells embed in cupula
68
Vestibular Brach Cranial Nerve
8
69
Parts of the Cochlea
Scala media(mid)(has vestibular membrane and basilar membrane; scala vestibuli(top); scala tympani(bot)
70
Organ of Corti
H1) basilar membrane has hair and supporting cells; Stereocilia projector into tectorial membrane which stimulates sensory neurons
71
Pathway for Hearing
1) Sound waves are funneled by AURICLE into ear canal 2) Vibration of Tympanic Membrane causes AUDITORY OSSICLES to move 3) Stapes moves Oval window; transmits sound to PRESSURE Waves 4) High frequency pressure cause vestibula membrane to vibrate 5) Remaining pressure waves go to perilymph of scala tympani and exit at round window
72
When High frequency pressure cause vestibular membrane to vibrate what happens
1) Pressure waves in endolymph of scala media causing basilar membrane to move; hair cells send nervous impulses to brain.
73
Frequency
Waves/time Hertz
74
Intensity
Loudness (decibels)
75
What kind of frequency are far from oval window
Low
76
What kind of frequency are CLOSE to oval window
High Frequency's
77
Auditory pathway
Cochlear Nerve; brainstem; thalamus; Auditory cortex
78
Olfactory Pathway
CN1 Olfactory bulb; olfactory tracts; olfactory cortex
79
Olfaction Structures
1) Nasal cavity 2) Olfactory epithelium 3)( Supporting cells 4) Basal Cells
80
Olfactory neurons
Bipolar neurons and have olfactory hairs at the end of epithelium tissue Goes through cribaform foramen

Bio 139 Test 5 (6 decks)

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