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Bio 139 Test 5 > General Special senses > Flashcards

General Special senses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 General Senses

A

Temperature; Pain; stretch; pressure(touch)

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2
Q

5 Special Senses

A

Taste; Smell; vision; hearing; equilibrium

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3
Q

What do receptor respond to?

A

Stimuli

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4
Q

Area receptor cover is called?

A

Receptive Field

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5
Q

Tonic Receptors

A

Respond continuously to stimuli at a constant rate examples are the balance receptors in the ear that keep the head upright(MAINTAIN SENSITIVITY)

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6
Q

Phasic Receptors

A

Phasic receptors detect a new stimulus or a change in a stimulus that has already been applied; but over time their SNESITIVITY DECREASES (skin with clothes)

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7
Q

Modality of stimulus(receptor classification(6)

A

1) Chemoreceptors(chemical) 2) Thermoreceptors 3) Photoreceptors(light) 4) Mechanoreceptors (movement/stretch) 5) Baroreceptors(pressure) 6) Noioreceptors(Pain)

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8
Q

Tactile receptors 4 CHAR

A

1) Most numerous; 2) mechanoreceptors that respond to touch; 3)pressure; & 4)vibration

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9
Q

Types of Tactile receptors and difference

A

1) Unencapsulated(no CT covering) 2) Encapsulated (CT covering)

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10
Q

Types of Unencapsulated Receptors (tactile) (3)

A

1) Free Nerve endings(dendrite branches) 2) Root hair plexuses (around hair follicle) 3) Merkel (tactile) Discs(touch re texture and shape)(light pressure)

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11
Q

Encapsulated receptors Types(Tactile) 4

A

1)Krause bulbs(light pressure) 2) Pacinian corpuscles(onion) (deep pressure; vibration) 3) Ruffini corpuscles(deep pressure; skin distortion) 4) Meissner (tactile) corpuscles(fine touch & texture)

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12
Q

Gustation and Gustatory receptors

A

Taste and taste bunds

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13
Q

4 Papillae of the Tongue

A

1) Filiform 2) Fungiform 3)Vallate(circumvallate) 4) Foliate

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14
Q

Filiform

A

Hair of fire; short and spiked; ant 2/3 of tongue; no taste buds

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15
Q

Fungiform

A

Block like few taste buds

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16
Q

Vallate (Circumvallate)

A

Back of the tongue Inverted V shape Largest but least numerous; Taste bud within papillae walls

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17
Q

Folate

A

Few taste buds post/lat sides of tongue

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18
Q

Gustatory cells are enclosed by?

A

Supporting cells

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19
Q

What is the receptive portion of a Taste bud and life span?

A

Gustatory microvilli (7-10day life span

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20
Q

5 Taste sensations

A

1)Salty 2)Sweet 3) Sour(protection) 4) Bitter(protection) 5) Umami (savory beefy mgs)

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21
Q

Accessory structure for Vision (5)

A

1) Eyelid 2)Eyebrow 3)Eyelash 4)Tarsal glands(oily secretion) 5 Conjunctiva(lubricates eye)

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22
Q

what is inflamed with pink eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

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23
Q

ocular vs palpebral conjunctiva

A

Ocular - external; anterior surface of the eye; Palpebral- internal surface of the eyelid

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24
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus (parts) 6

A

1) Lacrimal gland 2)Lacrimal fluid (tears) 3) Lacrimal canaliculi 4) Lacrimal sac 5) Nasolacrimal duct6) Nasal cavity

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25
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

makes lacrimal fluid (Tears)

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26
Q

Lacrimal canaliculi

A

lacrimal canaliculus that drains lacrimal fluid into a rounded lacrimal sac

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27
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Nasolacrimal duct receives the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac. This duct; which is along the lateral side of the nose; delivers the drained fluid into the nasal cavity(runny nose)

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28
Q

How much of the eye is in the orbital

A

80%

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29
Q

Eye Cavities and what they contain

A

Anterior: anterior to lens; posterior to cornea Posterior(vitreous) posterior to lens anterior to retina

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30
Q

Layers of the eye Wall 3

A

1) Fibrous tunic(CT) 2)Vascular Tunic(blood vessels) 3) Neural tunic(neurons)

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31
Q

Fibrous Tunic contains

A

Cornea and Sclera

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32
Q

Cornea(4)

A

In the fibrous tunic 1) Anterior transparent(convex) 2) Refracts light rays 3) No blood vessels

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33
Q

Sciera(2)

A

IN fibrous tunic; tough outer white of the eye

34
Q

Vascular tunic contains(3)

A

1) Choroid 2) Ciliary Body 3) Iris

35
Q

Choroid (4)

A

1) In vascular tunic 2) Posterior 3) Has capillaries 4) Melanocytes

36
Q

Ciliary Body (2)

A

1) Ring of sm muscle 2) Ciliary muscle

37
Q

Iris

A

In vascular tunic; 1) Colored disc 2) Black hold pupil (controls pupil size with muscle (sphincter pupillae -constrict; dilator pupillae)

38
Q

Neural tunic contains

A

Retina (neurons)

39
Q

Retina

A

In Neural Tunic; Inner neural layer; 1) Has photoreceptors and neurons(convert light rays into nervous impulses)

40
Q

Photoreceptors cell 2 parts

A

Rods: dark dim light 2) Cones (high-intensity light; color vision)

41
Q

What kind of cells are in retina 4

A

1) Photo rectors cells 2) Bipolar cells 3) Ganglion cells 4) Macula lutea

42
Q

Bipolar cells

A

1) Rare bipolar neurons and horizontal cells(also in olfactory)

43
Q

Ganglion cells

A

1) Extend through optic disc to merge w/ optic nerve 2) Aminacrine cells

44
Q

Optic Disc has no?

A

Photoreceptors Called the blind spot

45
Q

Macula lutea

A

Fovea centralis- Sharpe’s vision

46
Q

What focuses light on the retina

A

Len

47
Q

Lens contains

A

Suspensory ligaments and ciliary muscles

48
Q

Lens relaxation

A

Increase tension; Lens flattens(view far away)

49
Q

Lens contraction

A

Decrease tension; lens is spherical(for view close up)]

50
Q

Visual Pathway in order (5)

A

Photoreceptors cells -> Bipolar ganglion -> Optic nerve ->Optic chiasm -> Occipital lobe

51
Q

Ear Anatomy

A

1) External Ear(auricle) 2) External auditory canal 3) Middle Ear 4) Inner Ear

52
Q

Other name for External ear and Tissue

A

Auricle - Elastic C

53
Q

External auditory Canal End where and contains

A

Terminates at tympanic membrane Contains Ceruminous Glands(ear wax)

54
Q

Middle Ear Contains(3)

A

Tympanic cavity 2) Eustachian (auditory) tube 3) Auditory ossicles

55
Q

Auditory Ossicles 3 parts

A

Malleus (hammer) attached to Tympanic membrane 2) Incus (anvil) 3) Stapes(stirrup) Fits into oval window

56
Q

How many auditory ossicles are there?

A

6 (3 on each side)

57
Q

Bony Labyrinth vs Membranous Labyrinth

A

Bony Labyrinth surrounds Bone (no pink) whereas Membranous is surround by pink

58
Q

Perilymph

A

Fluid In Bone Labyrinth

59
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid found in membranous labyrinth

60
Q

Inner ear Regions (3)

A

1) Semicircular Canals 2) Cochlea(snail) 3) Vestibule(mid section)

61
Q

Vestibule contain

A

Macula(epithelium tissues inside)(utricle and saccule) 2)Hair cells (receptor for hearing and equilibrium

62
Q

Hair cells in Vestibule contain

A

Many stereocilia and One Kinocilium(tall)

63
Q

Linear Equilibrium mechanics

A

Forward/backwards ( movements and acceleration)

64
Q

Linear Equilibrium mechanics(CELLS)

A

Stereocilia & kinocilium embedded in gelatinous layer with Otoliths with jello like otolithic membrane on top. When a movement happens gel moves pulling hairs and then senign can action potential through nerve

65
Q

Calcium Specks

A

Otithics

66
Q

Rotational movements/acceleration Equilibrium mechanics happen in the?

A

3 Semicircular canals within Ampulla(3)

67
Q

Ampulla

A

3 Within semicircular canals; Expanded region called Crista ampullaris which has hair (stereocilia and kinocilium) and supporting cells embed in cupula

68
Q

Vestibular Brach Cranial Nerve

A

8

69
Q

Parts of the Cochlea

A

Scala media(mid)(has vestibular membrane and basilar membrane; scala vestibuli(top); scala tympani(bot)

70
Q

Organ of Corti

A

H1) basilar membrane has hair and supporting cells; Stereocilia projector into tectorial membrane which stimulates sensory neurons

71
Q

Pathway for Hearing

A

1) Sound waves are funneled by AURICLE into ear canal 2) Vibration of Tympanic Membrane causes AUDITORY OSSICLES to move 3) Stapes moves Oval window; transmits sound to PRESSURE Waves 4) High frequency pressure cause vestibula membrane to vibrate 5) Remaining pressure waves go to perilymph of scala tympani and exit at round window

72
Q

When High frequency pressure cause vestibular membrane to vibrate what happens

A

1) Pressure waves in endolymph of scala media causing basilar membrane to move; hair cells send nervous impulses to brain.

73
Q

Frequency

A

Waves/time Hertz

74
Q

Intensity

A

Loudness (decibels)

75
Q

What kind of frequency are far from oval window

A

Low

76
Q

What kind of frequency are CLOSE to oval window

A

High Frequency’s

77
Q

Auditory pathway

A

Cochlear Nerve; brainstem; thalamus; Auditory cortex

78
Q

Olfactory Pathway

A

CN1 Olfactory bulb; olfactory tracts; olfactory cortex

79
Q

Olfaction Structures

A

1) Nasal cavity 2) Olfactory epithelium 3)( Supporting cells 4) Basal Cells

80
Q

Olfactory neurons

A

Bipolar neurons and have olfactory hairs at the end of epithelium tissue Goes through cribaform foramen

Bio 139 Test 5 (6 decks)

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