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Neurology 2 > General Review 2 > Flashcards

General Review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ossicle that connects to the tympanic membrane

A

malleous

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2
Q

ossicle that is continuous w/ the oval window of the inner ear

A

Stapes

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3
Q

Sensory organ that transforms pressure to an electrical signal

A

cochlea

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4
Q

Between the scala vestibule and scala media

A

Reissner membrane

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5
Q

fluid of the scala media

A

perilymph (higher in K+)

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6
Q

scala tympani and scala vestibule are continuous via

A

Helicotrema

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7
Q

scala tympani beats against?

A

round window

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8
Q

Contains the inner and outer hair cells

A

Basilar membrane

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9
Q

Connects along the top of the outer cells but not the inner cells

A

tectonal membrane

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10
Q

displacment of stereocilia toward the tallest

A

depolarization

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11
Q

can be caused by cerumen, arthritis of the ossicles, tympanic membrane rupture
will improve w/ a hearing aid

A

conductive hearing loss

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12
Q

Caused by hair cell damage

A

sensineural

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13
Q

2 otolithic organs of the vestibule

A

saccule and utricle

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14
Q

Long hair cell
at the base of each semicircular canal is an ampulla which contains the hair cells that sit on a critsa embedded in a cupula

A

Kinocilum

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15
Q

Rotational acceleration is detected by?

A

3 semicircular canals - cupula displacement

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16
Q

Linear acceleration is detected by?

A

otolithic organs (saccule and utricle)

17
Q

organ in the sacule and urticles?

divided by?

A

Macula

Striola
point toward striola in the utricle and away in the saccule

18
Q

BPPV is caused by a sensitivity to gravity in the?

floating otoliths bump into the cupula

A

posterior semicircular canal

Ebley’s maneuver to move the stone to the vestibule

19
Q

cochlea connects to the semicircular canals and vestibule via?

A

membranous labyrinths

20
Q

ciliary body is attached to the lens via?

A

zonule fibers

21
Q

Supporting modified glial cells?

A

muller cells

22
Q

Interneurons between the photoreceptors and the bipolar cells (outer plexiform synapse)

A

Horizontal cells

23
Q

Interneurons between the bipolar cells and the ganglion cells

A

Amicrine cells

24
Q

Cell bodies of the inner nuclear layer

A

Horizontal, amicrine, Bipolar, Muller

25
Q

Outer segment of the photoreceptors? inner?

A

Outer: photopigment and inner contains the cell nucleus and mitochondria

26
Q

Bipolar cells are ON or OFF
ON =
OFF=

A

ON - metabotrophic: decrease in glutamate will cause depolarization

OFF - inotropic, decrease in glutamate will hyperpolarize

27
Q

Majority of ganglion cells (70%), midget ganglions > parvocellular pathway for?

A

high spatial regonition, red/green static image, slow conduction

28
Q

10%, parasol ganglions (10%) low spatial, fast axonal conduction, objects in motion, contrast, shape; project where?

A

Magnocellular pathway

29
Q

ventral pathway tells what and goes to what lobe?

A

temporal

30
Q

dorsal pathway tells where/ how and goes?

A

Parietal lobe

31
Q

mediates corneal reflex?

A

V1

32
Q 
Anterior part (anterior nucleus also)
Preoptic nucleus
A

causes heat loss, PNS, sleep

33
Q

Anterior part: circadian rhythms

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

34
Q

Supraoptic nucleus

A

OT and ADH down the hypothalamic-hypopheseal tract

35
Q

Paraventricular nucleus: 2 parts -
magnocellular?

parvocellular?

A

magno - OT and ADH

parvo - releasing hormones

36
Q

mamillary bodies

A

posterior hypothalamus

consolidation of memories

37
Q

response to cold, arousal, wakefulness

lesion –> will have poiklothermia (like a lizzard)

A

posterior nucleus

38
Q

traffic between the hypothalamus and the hippocampus

A

column of the fornix

Neurology 2 (7 decks)

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