general questions and mock exam Flashcards
What are surfactants
Surfactants are involved in lowering surface tension
what is tidal volume?
amount inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
vital capacity
tidal volume during maximum inhalation and exhalation.
fish have what kind of repiratory system?
counter-current exchange
what type of pressure do amphibians use to breath?
positive pressure. Mammals use negative pressure
where does heart contraction begin?
in the atria with the SA node
what can affect the beating of the heart?
2 nerves in the brain, drugs like epinephrine, body temperature (speeds it up)
ECG: first wave - excitation
p-wave
ECG: second wave - peak
qrs wave
ECG: relaxation and recovery
t wave
how is breathing regulated in humans
the medulla oblongata has a breathing center which monitors pH in the cerebrospinal fluid. the levels of CO2 in the blood directly effect the pH of Cerebrospinal fluid.
what is allosteric
it affects the binding site of a molecule with a regulatory molecule
what is paracrine signaling
Signaling to near by cells.
Autocrine signaling?
self targeting
