Digestion Flashcards
Function of saliva
Protection of and chemical digestion in the oral cavity
what provide the protective effect of saliva
mucus
mucus functions to ______
protects agains abraisian and lubricates food
what is a bolus?
ball of food from mouth to stomach
What does the epiglottis made of?
cartilage
what does the epiglottis cover during swallowing?
the glottis (vocal chords and opening between them)
What kind of muscle tissue if found in the esophagus?
smooth and striated muscle tissue
Salivary amylase does what?
t breaks down starch (glucose polymer from plants) and glycogen (Glucose polymer from animals) into smaller polysaccharides and the disaccharide maltose
What is the volume of the stomach?
2 liters
What are the 2 components of gastric juice?
HCl and Pepsin
What does HCL do?
Disrupts the extracellular that binds cells together in meat and plant material
pH level of gastric juice?
2 (about 4 with food?)
What kind of enzyme is pepsin
protease (protein-digesting)
Parietal cells in the stomach produce _______
H and Cl ions that will later form HCl
Chief cells in the stomach produce ________
Pepsinogen
pepsinogen in the stomach is activated by _____
HCl or pepsin
what is a zymogen
inactive enzyme (i.e. pepsinogen)
bacteria that causes ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
sections of the stomach?
cardiac , fundus (“rounded part”), pyloric
Where else do we find a fundus?
uterus
Sphincter at the end of the stomach
pyloric sphincter
sphincter that opens into the stomach
cardiac sphincter
how long does food stay in the stomach?
2-6 hours
how long is duodenum
25cm or 10 inches
3 enzymes released by the pancreas into the duodenum? (and their inactive forms)
Trypsin - (as trypsinogen),
Chymotrypsin - (as chymotrypsinogen)
Carboxypeptidase - (as procarboxypeptidase)
function of bile?
Digestion of Fats and Lipids
Bile salts are_________
emulsifiers that aid in digestion and absorbtion
bile is stored in
gallbladder
What tells the gall bladder to release Bile into the small intestines?
The horomone Cholecystokinen (CCK)
what is emulsifying
breaking something down into smaller parts. Like fat molecules.
Bile contains ________
Bile salts and Cholesterol
