General Psychology Quiz 4 Chapters 10-12 Flashcards
motivation
the process by which activities are started,directed,and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met
extrinsic
type of motivation in which a person preforms an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person
intrinsic
type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner
instinct
the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals
need
a requirement of some material that is essential for survival of the organism
drive
a psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension (needs lead to drive)
incentive
things that attract or lure people into action, explains behavior when there is no drive or need
insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by reducing the level of glucose in the bloodstream
glucagen
hormone that is secreted by the pancreas to control the levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the body by increasing the level of glucose in the bloodstream
weight set point
the particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain
basal metabolic rate
the rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is at rest
primary
those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst
acquired
drives learned through experience or conditioning (money,social approval)
gender
the psychological aspects of being male or female
gender roles
the cultures expectations for masculine or feminine behavior (attitudes,actions,personality traits associated with being male or female)
gender identity
the individuals sense of being male or female
androgyny
peoples whose personalities reflect the characteristics of both males and females (tend to be more flexible in everyday behavior and have more career choices)
stress
a reaction
stressor
an event
eustress
optimal amount of stress to promote health and well-being, makes you preform at your best
meditation
mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trance-like state of consciousness
burnout
negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration
pessimist
people who expect negative outcomes
optimist
people who expect positive outcomes
health psychology
area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illness
immune system
the system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from disease, infections, and injuries
escape
leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy, drug abuse, or apathy
hassles
the daily annoyances of everyday life
displaced aggression
taking out ones frustrations on some less threatening or more available target
aggression
actions meant to harm or destroy
frustrations
the psychological experience produced by the blocking of a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need
pressure
the psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a persons behavior that come from an outside source
catastrophe
an unpredictable, large-scale, event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feelings of threat
distress
the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors
paraphilia
a sexual disorder in which the persons preferred method of sexual arousal and fulfillment is through sexual behavior that is unusual or socially unacceptable
bisexual
person attracted to both men and women
homosexual
person attracted to the same sex
heterosexual
person attracted to the opposite sex
resolution
the final phase of the sexual response in which the body is returned to a normal state
orgasm
a series of rhythmic contractions of the muscles of the vaginal walls or the penis, also the third and shortest phase of sexual response
sexism
prejudice about males and or females leading to unequal treatment
gender stereotype
a concept held about a person or group of people that is based on being male or female
stereotype
a set of characteristics that people believe is shared by all members of a particular social category
hermaphroditism
the condition of possessing both male and female sexual organs
estrogen
female hormone
androgen
male hormones
leptin
a hormone that, when released into the bloodstream, signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full
emotion
the “feeling” aspect of consciousness, characterized by a certain physical arousal, a certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feeling
self-actualization
according to Maslow, the point that is seldom reached at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
homeostasis
the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state
