General Psychology Quiz 2 Chapters 4-6

Question 1

reflex

Answer 1

an unlearned, involuntary response that is not under personal control or choice

Question 2

short-term memory

Answer 2

the memory system in which information is held for a brief period of time while being used 0-30 seconds

Question 3

long-term memory

Answer 3

the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently anything over 30 seconds

Question 4

iconic memory

Answer 4

visual sensory memory lasting only a fraction of a second (how old films worked, your mind made you think it was moving in a fluid motion)

Question 5

echoic memory

Answer 5

the brief memory of something a person has just heard (mom ask you a question, you say what, and then answer before she can ask again)

Question 6

flashbulb memories

Answer 6

special kind of automatic encoding, memories of highly emotional events that are vivid and detailed cause by things like fear, horror, extreme joy, and unexpected events

Question 7

recall

Answer 7

being able to answer fill in the blank questions

Question 8

recognition

Answer 8

being able to pick the answer out of a group like multiple choice question

Question 9

declarative memory

Answer 9

contains information that is conscious and known

Question 10

semantic

Answer 10

general knowledge things that you study and know facts = semantic

Question 11

episodic

Answer 11

personal information not available to others, memory about your 12th birthday

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

the disapperance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus allows us to “unlearn” phobias

Question 13

spontaneous recovery (rebound)

Answer 13

the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred rebound = quick relearning

Question 14

higher order conditioning

Answer 14

when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a natural stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus good morning-rabbit-bang-freak out

Question 15

latent learning

Answer 15

learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful not feeding the rats when exiting the maze, after 10 times feed them, they now do it faster

Question 16

shaping

Answer 16

the reinforcement of simple steps in behavior that leads to a more desired, more complex behavior

Question 17

observational learning

Answer 17

learning of ew behavior through watching the actions of a model for both desirable and undesirable behavior, the Bobo doll study

Question 18

learned helplessness

Answer 18

tenancy to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a shitory of repeated failures in the past, explains depression, experiment with the dogs and the electric shock floor

Question 19

attention

Answer 19

to learn something through observation, the learner must first pay attention to the model

Question 20

memory

Answer 20

the learner must also be able to retain the memory of what was done

Question 21

imitation

Answer 21

the learner must be capable of reproducing, or imitating, the actions of the model

Question 22

motivation

Answer 22

the learner must have the desire or motivation to preform the action

Question 23

reinforcement

Answer 23

any even or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again

Question 24

positive reinforcement

Answer 24

adding something pleasurable to increase the likelihood of a behavior (giving a child money when the get an A)

Question 25

negative reinforcement

Answer 25

taking away something unpleasurable to increase the likelihood of a behavior (taking away chore when child gets an A)

Question 26

punishment

Answer 26

any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again

Question 27

positive punishment

Answer 27

adding something unpleasant that decreases behavior (spanking a child when they misbehave)

Question 28

negative punishment

Answer 28

taking away something that is pleasurable that decreases behavior (putting a child in time out or taking away a favorite toy)

Question 29

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 29

food for the dogs ( something you don’t need to earn to respond to)

Question 30

conditioned stimulus

Answer 30

is neutral at first ( the bell before the presentation of food, dogs being to salivated to the bell not the food )

Question 31

unconditioned response

Answer 31

the salivation to the food (you don’t need to lear to do this it is just natural)

Question 32

conditioned response

Answer 32

the salivation becomes the conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus (the bell)

Question 33

physical dependence

Answer 33

a condition occuring when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

Question 34

psychological dependence

Answer 34

the feeling that a drug is needed to continue feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

Question 35

altered states of consciousness

Answer 35

state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

Question 36

micro-sleeps

Answer 36

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds (when your head drops in class and wakes you up )

Question 37

nightmares

Answer 37

bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

Question 38

night terrors

Answer 38

relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

Question 39

insomnia

Answer 39

inability to sleep

Question 40

narcolepsy

Answer 40

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning