General Psychology Quiz 1 Chapters 1-3

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

all of our outward (overt) actions and reactions

Question 3

Mental Processes

Answer 3

the internal (covert) activity of our minds

Question 4

Objective Introspection

Answer 4

(William Wundt) the process of objectively examining and measuring ones’s own thoughts and mental activities

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

(Edward Titchener) the focus of study s the structure or basic elements of the mind

Question 6

Unconscious

Answer 6

mental state not in our awareness where we push threatening urges and desires

Question 7

Psychoanalysis

Answer 7

theory and therapy based on Freud’s ideas (all motivations are sexual in nature)

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only

Question 9

Observation

Answer 9

• highly structured or general
• Naturalistic vs. Controlled
• usually in conjunction with an interview
• reactive (observer expectancy-problem in clinical and research environments)

Question 10

Case Study

Answer 10

• study of one individual in great detail

- provides a tremendous amount of detail but difficult to generalize

Question 11

Validity

Answer 11

the extent to which a test of procedure actually preforms the function if was designed to preform

Question 12

Reliability

Answer 12

degree to which a procedure or test will yield the same results if repeated

Question 13

Deception

Answer 13

is intentionally misleading prospective participants about the research

Question 14

Incomplete Disclosure

Answer 14

is not giving participants accurate or adequate information about some aspect of the research

Question 15

Double Blind Study

Answer 15

neither the participants nor the person or persons measuring the dependent variable know who got what (placebo or real drug)

Question 16

Psychologist

Answer 16

a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology (no medical training and focus on therapy/counseling)

Question 17

Psychiatrist

Answer 17

a medical doctor who has specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders (medication)

Question 18

Neuroplasticity

Answer 18

the ability to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in the brain in response to experience

Question 19

Cortex

Answer 19

the outermost covering of the brain consisting of densely packed neurons, responsible for higher thought processes and interpretations of sensory output

Question 20

Corticalization

Answer 20

the increase of wrinkling as the cortex increases in size and complexity

Question 21

Aphasia

Answer 21

• Broca’s is broken speech when the persons knows what they want to say, but they can’t get it out
• Wernicker’s the can make all sounds, but to the person hearing it they just sound like jumbled speech, but sounds correct to the person speaking

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

relays sensory information from lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex for processing

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and sex

Question 24

Hippocampus

Answer 24

responsible for the formation of long-term memories and the storage of memory for location of objects

Question 25

Amygdala

Answer 25

responsible for fear responses and memory of fear

Question 26

Limbic System

Answer 26

group of structures located under the cortex involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation

Question 27

Cingulate Cortex

Answer 27

emotion and cognitive processing

Question 28

Corpus Callosum

Answer 28

thick, tough band of neural fibers (axons) which connects the two sides of the brain

Question 29

Sensation

Answer 29

the process that occurs when special receptors in the sense organ are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain

Question 30

Transduction

Answer 30

the process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural activity

Question 31

Sensory Receptors

Answer 31

specialized forms of neurons that, instead of receiving neurotransmitters from other cells, they are stimulated by different kinds of energy (light,chemicals,vibrations,and pressure/temperature)

Question 32

Just Noticeable Difference

Answer 32

the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50% of the time (being able to tell the difference between 2 very similar things)

Question 33

Absolute Threshold

Answer 33

the lowest level of stimulation that a person can consciously detect 50% of the time the stimulation in present ( when can you hear the weakest tone)

Question 34

Habituation

Answer 34

the tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information ( your brain telling you to not notice the train that runs past your house until someone points it out to you)

Question 35

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 35

tendency of sensory receptor cells that become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging ( even if your want to notice it again you cant like when your room smells for so long you don't notice anymore)

Question 36

McGurk Effect

Answer 36

the illusion that combines the auditory stimulus of one sound with the visual stimulus of another sound ( you see ba ba ba but hear va va va and it beings to look like ther person is saying va and not ba )

Question 37

After Image

Answer 37

images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed

Question 38

Gustation

Answer 38

sensation of taste, taste buds/tase receptor cells get replaced every 10-14 days -sweet,sour,salty, and bitter

Question 39

Proprioception

Answer 39

tells us where our body is in space

Question 40

Vestibular Senses

Answer 40

the sensations of movement, balance, and body posture | structures are located in the innermost chamber of the ear, responsible for motion sickness

Question 41

Perception

Answer 41

the method by which sensations experienced at any given moment are intercepted and organized in some meaningful fashion