General Principles of Wound Healing in Animals

Question 1

three major stages of Wound healing

Answer 1

 inflammation,
 proliferation, and
 remodeling

Question 2

, the first stage of wound healing

Answer 2

Inflammation

Question 3

is controlled with vasoconstriction , followed within minutes by vasodilation

Answer 3

Hemorrhage

Question 4

To resolve infection, _________ migrate through the vascular basement membrane into the newly created wound within 30 minutes

Answer 4

leukocytes

Question 5

neutrophils die off and monocytes become the predominant cell type in the wound.

Question 6

is the next phase of inflammation

Answer 6

Debridement

Question 7

phagocytose bacteria, monocytes

Answer 7

neutrophils

Question 8

secrete a number of growth factors required for wound healing.

Answer 8

Monocytes

Question 9

considered essential for wound healing.`

Answer 9

Debridement

Question 10

Additionally, after migration out of the blood vessels, monocytes are considered?

Answer 10

macrophages

Question 11

may also be present in the wound and contribute to the immunologic response to foreign debris.

Answer 11

Lymphocytes

Question 12

is the second stage of wound healing

Answer 12

Proliferation

Question 13

It consists of fibroblast, capillary, and epithelial proliferation phases.

Answer 13

Proliferation

Question 14

During this stage, mesenchymal cells transform into fibroblasts, which lay fibrin strands to act as a framework for cellular migration. In a healthy wound, fibroblasts begin to appear ~3 days after the initial injury.

Answer 14

proliferation stage

Question 15

These fibroblasts initially secrete ground substance and later ______. The early secretion allows an initial rapid increase in wound strength, which continues to increase more slowly as the collagen fibers reorganize according to the stress on the wound.

Answer 15

collagen

Question 16

deliver a blood supply to the wound

Answer 16

Migrating capillaries

Question 17

Migrating epithelial cells secrete _______, such as transforming growth factors α and β, which enhance wound closure.

Answer 17

mediators

Question 18

Epithelial cells migrate across the open wound and can cover a properly closed surgical incision within 48 hours.

Question 19

is retarded in desiccated wounds.

Answer 19

Epithelialization

Question 20

is the final stage of wound healing.

Answer 20

Remodeling

Question 21

During this period, the newly laid collagen fibers and fibroblasts reorganize along lines of tension. Fibers in a nonfunctional orientation are replaced by functional fibers. This process allows wound strength to continue to increase slowly over a long period (as long as 2 years).

Answer 21

Remodeling

Question 22

Most wounds remain 15%–20% weaker than the original tissue. However, the urinary bladder and bone regain 100% of their original strength after wounding and repair.