General Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Partition coefficient:

Answer 1

• A measure of overall polarity

PC = [ ] of drug in fat or lipid / [ ] of drug in water

Question 2

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

Answer 2

pH = pK + log (base/acid)

Question 3

Enteral administration:

Answer 3

Placement of the drug into any part of the GI tract.

Question 4

Types of enteral administration (3):

Answer 4

1. Oral
2. Sublingual
3. Rectal

Question 5

Primary site of absorption for enteral administration:

Answer 5

Small intestine.

Question 6

Rate of diffusion for neutral uncharged drugs depends on?

Answer 6

Partition coefficient.

Question 7

Types of parenteral administration (6):

Answer 7

1. Subcutaneous
2. Intramuscular
3. Intravenous
4. Intraarterial
5. Inhalation
6. Intrathecal

Question 8

Subcutaneous administration absorption:

Answer 8

Passive diffusion through capillary membranes.

Lipid soluble drugs.

Question 9

Intrathecal administration:

Answer 9

Injection into spinal subarachnoid space.

Question 10

Factors which influence drug distribution (5):

Answer 10

1. Physicochemical properties.
2. Nature of biological membranes encountered.
3. Protein binding and storage.
4. Blood perfusing a given tissue.
5. Disease states.

Question 11

Drugs cross BBB mainly via:

Answer 11

Passive diffusion.

Question 12

Type of drugs stored in fat:

Answer 12

Lipid soluble drugs

Question 13

General classes of chemical transformation (4):

Answer 13

Phase I:
1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
3. Hydrolysis
Phase II:
4. Conjugation

Question 14

Microsomal enzymes are located:

Answer 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Non-microsomal enzymes are located:

Answer 15

Cytosol and mitochondria

Question 16

Process of renal excretion of drugs (3).

Answer 16

1. Filtration of drugs through glomerular capillary membrane.
2. Active txp of anionic and cationic forms in the proximal portion of the nephron.
3. Non-ionic back diffusion of uncharged drugs in the distal portion of the nephron.