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Paediatrics > General presentation and DDX > Flashcards

General presentation and DDX Flashcards

Common and less common ddx of general presentations

1
Q

What are the common causes of fever? (7)

A
  1. URTI/coryzal illness eg.
  2. Otitis media
  3. Pharyngitis
  4. Skin infections
  5. UTI
  6. Viral infections (with/out rash)
  7. Gastroenteritis
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2
Q

What are the less common causes of fever? (9)

A
  1. Bacteraemia/Septicaemia
  2. Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
  3. Meningitis/encephalitis
  4. Other bacterial infections
  5. Malaria/typhoid/dengue and other imported fever
  6. IBD, TB, HIV
  7. Kawasaki disease
  8. Rheumatological/ connective tissue disease (sJIA)/ vasculitis
  9. Malignancy
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3
Q

What are the common causes of breathing difficulty? (4)

A
  1. Bronchiolitis
  2. Asthma
  3. Croup
  4. Pneumonia
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4
Q

What are the less common causes of breathing difficulty? (3)

A
  1. Cystic fibrosis
  2. Heart failure
  3. Laryngomalacia (infants, acidotic child (grunting))
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5
Q

What are the common causes of persistent cough? (5)

A
  1. Bronchiolitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Asthma
  4. Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) – in infancy
  5. Post-nasal drip/ sinusitis
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6
Q

What are the less common causes of persistent cough? (6)

A
  1. Pertussis
  2. Inhaled foreign body
  3. TB
  4. Cystic fibrosis
  5. Bronchiectasis
  6. Psychosocial/ habit spasm
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7
Q

What are the common causes of D&V? (5)

A
  1. Gastroenteritis (incl. rotavirus)
  2. Constipation with over flow
  3. Toddler diarrhoea
  4. Gastroenteritis
  5. Food poisoning
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8
Q

What are the less common causes of D&V? (3)

A
  1. Pyloric stenosis
  2. Malrotation/volvulus
  3. DKA
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9
Q

What are the common causes of Abdo pain? (5)

A
  1. Mesenteric adenitis
  2. Chronic constipation
  3. Appendicitis
  4. UTI/ pyelonephritis
  5. Somatisation (incl. recurrent abdo pain)
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10
Q

What are the less common causes of Abdo pain? (6)

A
  1. Lower lobe pneumonia
  2. Obstruction (incl. intussusception)
  3. DKA
  4. Henoch Schonlein purpura
  5. Hepatitis A prodrome
  6. Sickle cell disease
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11
Q

What are the common causes of rectal bleeding/perinatal problems? (2)

A
  1. Fissure in an intussusception

2. Threadworm infestation

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12
Q

What are the less common causes of rectal bleeding/perinatal problems? (4)

A
  1. Cows milk protein allergy
  2. IBD
  3. Meckel’s diverticulum
  4. Enteric infection
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13
Q

What are the common causes of headache? (4)

A
  1. Tension
  2. Migraine
  3. Myopia/hypermetropia
  4. Post-ictal (post-seizures)
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14
Q

What are the less common causes of headache? (4)

A
  1. Meningitis/encephalitis
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
  4. Raised ICP/Space occupying lesion (SOL)
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15
Q

What are the common causes of Fits/faints? (4)

A
  1. Febrile convulsion
  2. Vasovagal syncope
  3. Breath holding attacks
  4. idiopathic epilepsy
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16
Q

What are the less common causes of Fits/faints? (4)

A
  1. Meningitis/encephalitis
  2. CNS injury - hypoxia
  3. Metabolic - hypoglycaemia/hypocalcaemia (rickets)
  4. Infantile spasms
17
Q

What are the common causes of Limp/joint pain? (2)

A
  1. Reactive arthritis

2. Trauma

18
Q

What are the less common causes of Limp/joint pain? (8)

A
  1. Osteomyelitis
  2. Septic arthritis
  3. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
  4. Developmental dysplasia of hip
  5. Osteochondritis (Perthe’s / Osgood-Schlatter)
  6. Leukaemia
  7. Rheumatoid arthritis / Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA)
  8. Vit D deficiency/ rickets
19
Q

What are the common causes of Deliberate self harm (cutting, overdose, substance abuse)? (3)

A
  1. Depression
  2. Psychosocial problems
  3. Eating disorder
20
Q

What are the less common causes of Deliberate self harm (cutting, overdose, substance abuse)? (3)

A
  1. High level suicidal intent
  2. Emotional abuse
  3. Mental illness
21
Q

What are the common causes of Non-branching rash (bruising/purpura)? (3)

A
  1. Minor trauma
  2. Enteroviral infection
  3. Raised superior vena-caval pressure (valsalva manoeuvres)
22
Q

What are the less common causes of Non-branching rash (bruising/purpura)? (4)

A
  1. Purpura fluminans (due to N.meningitidis)
  2. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
  3. Haemophilia A and B
  4. Leukaemia
23
Q

What are the common causes of rashes/skin lesions? (5)

A
  1. Viral exanthema
  2. Skin infections (staph/strep)
  3. Eczema, acne
  4. Rashes of newborn
  5. Insect bites/scabies/molluscum
24
Q

What are the less common causes of rashes/skin lesions? (4)

A
  1. Erythema multiforme/nodosum
  2. Eczema herpetiform
  3. Fungal infection (ringworm/tinea)
  4. Non-accidental injury
25
Q

What are the common causes of Jaundice beyond neonatal period? (2)

A
  1. Haemolysis

2. Gilbert syndrome

26
Q

What are the less common causes of Jaundice beyond neonatal period? (3)

A
  1. Infectious hepatitis - HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV
  2. Metabolic disorders
  3. Gallstones
27
Q

What are the common causes of Itchy rash/itchy nose (atopy)? (3)

A
  1. Food allergy
  2. Eczema
  3. Allergic rhinitis
28
Q

What are the less common causes of Itchy rash/itchy nose (atopy)? (3)

A
  1. Drug reaction (incl. Steven-Johnson)
  2. Urticaria
  3. Anaphylaxis
29
Q

What are the common causes of ENT & eye problems? (3)

A
  1. Otitis media and externa
  2. Conjunctivitis (infectious, allergic inflammatory)
  3. Pharyngitis
30
Q

What are the less common causes of ENT & eye problems? (5)

A
  1. Foreign body injury
  2. Sinusitis/mastoiditis
  3. Periorbital cellulitis
  4. Orbital cellulitis
  5. Retinoblastoma
31
Q

What are the common causes of Lumps and bumps? (3)

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy
  2. Bruising
  3. Hernias
32
Q

What are the less common causes of Lumps and bumps? (3)

A
  1. Solid tumours
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Rickets (Swollen wrist/ribs)
33
Q

What are the common causes of dysuria, haematuria, polyuria? (3)

A
  1. UTI
  2. Enuresis
  3. DM
34
Q

What are the less common caues of dysuria, haematuria, polyuria? (2)

A
  1. Nephritic syndrome

2. Renal stones

Paediatrics (7 decks)

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