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General presentation and DDX Flashcards

Common and less common ddx of general presentations

1
Q

What are the common causes of fever? (7)

A
  1. URTI/coryzal illness eg.
  2. Otitis media
  3. Pharyngitis
  4. Skin infections
  5. UTI
  6. Viral infections (with/out rash)
  7. Gastroenteritis
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2
Q

What are the less common causes of fever? (9)

A
  1. Bacteraemia/Septicaemia
  2. Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
  3. Meningitis/encephalitis
  4. Other bacterial infections
  5. Malaria/typhoid/dengue and other imported fever
  6. IBD, TB, HIV
  7. Kawasaki disease
  8. Rheumatological/ connective tissue disease (sJIA)/ vasculitis
  9. Malignancy
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3
Q

What are the common causes of breathing difficulty? (4)

A
  1. Bronchiolitis
  2. Asthma
  3. Croup
  4. Pneumonia
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4
Q

What are the less common causes of breathing difficulty? (3)

A
  1. Cystic fibrosis
  2. Heart failure
  3. Laryngomalacia (infants, acidotic child (grunting))
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5
Q

What are the common causes of persistent cough? (5)

A
  1. Bronchiolitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Asthma
  4. Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) – in infancy
  5. Post-nasal drip/ sinusitis
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6
Q

What are the less common causes of persistent cough? (6)

A
  1. Pertussis
  2. Inhaled foreign body
  3. TB
  4. Cystic fibrosis
  5. Bronchiectasis
  6. Psychosocial/ habit spasm
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7
Q

What are the common causes of D&V? (5)

A
  1. Gastroenteritis (incl. rotavirus)
  2. Constipation with over flow
  3. Toddler diarrhoea
  4. Gastroenteritis
  5. Food poisoning
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8
Q

What are the less common causes of D&V? (3)

A
  1. Pyloric stenosis
  2. Malrotation/volvulus
  3. DKA
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9
Q

What are the common causes of Abdo pain? (5)

A
  1. Mesenteric adenitis
  2. Chronic constipation
  3. Appendicitis
  4. UTI/ pyelonephritis
  5. Somatisation (incl. recurrent abdo pain)
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10
Q

What are the less common causes of Abdo pain? (6)

A
  1. Lower lobe pneumonia
  2. Obstruction (incl. intussusception)
  3. DKA
  4. Henoch Schonlein purpura
  5. Hepatitis A prodrome
  6. Sickle cell disease
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11
Q

What are the common causes of rectal bleeding/perinatal problems? (2)

A
  1. Fissure in an intussusception

2. Threadworm infestation

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12
Q

What are the less common causes of rectal bleeding/perinatal problems? (4)

A
  1. Cows milk protein allergy
  2. IBD
  3. Meckel’s diverticulum
  4. Enteric infection
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13
Q

What are the common causes of headache? (4)

A
  1. Tension
  2. Migraine
  3. Myopia/hypermetropia
  4. Post-ictal (post-seizures)
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14
Q

What are the less common causes of headache? (4)

A
  1. Meningitis/encephalitis
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
  4. Raised ICP/Space occupying lesion (SOL)
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15
Q

What are the common causes of Fits/faints? (4)

A
  1. Febrile convulsion
  2. Vasovagal syncope
  3. Breath holding attacks
  4. idiopathic epilepsy
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16
Q

What are the less common causes of Fits/faints? (4)

A
  1. Meningitis/encephalitis
  2. CNS injury - hypoxia
  3. Metabolic - hypoglycaemia/hypocalcaemia (rickets)
  4. Infantile spasms
17
Q

What are the common causes of Limp/joint pain? (2)

A
  1. Reactive arthritis

2. Trauma

18
Q

What are the less common causes of Limp/joint pain? (8)

A
  1. Osteomyelitis
  2. Septic arthritis
  3. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
  4. Developmental dysplasia of hip
  5. Osteochondritis (Perthe’s / Osgood-Schlatter)
  6. Leukaemia
  7. Rheumatoid arthritis / Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA)
  8. Vit D deficiency/ rickets
19
Q

What are the common causes of Deliberate self harm (cutting, overdose, substance abuse)? (3)

A
  1. Depression
  2. Psychosocial problems
  3. Eating disorder
20
Q

What are the less common causes of Deliberate self harm (cutting, overdose, substance abuse)? (3)

A
  1. High level suicidal intent
  2. Emotional abuse
  3. Mental illness
21
Q

What are the common causes of Non-branching rash (bruising/purpura)? (3)

A
  1. Minor trauma
  2. Enteroviral infection
  3. Raised superior vena-caval pressure (valsalva manoeuvres)
22
Q

What are the less common causes of Non-branching rash (bruising/purpura)? (4)

A
  1. Purpura fluminans (due to N.meningitidis)
  2. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP)
  3. Haemophilia A and B
  4. Leukaemia
23
Q

What are the common causes of rashes/skin lesions? (5)

A
  1. Viral exanthema
  2. Skin infections (staph/strep)
  3. Eczema, acne
  4. Rashes of newborn
  5. Insect bites/scabies/molluscum
24
Q

What are the less common causes of rashes/skin lesions? (4)

A
  1. Erythema multiforme/nodosum
  2. Eczema herpetiform
  3. Fungal infection (ringworm/tinea)
  4. Non-accidental injury
25
What are the common causes of Jaundice beyond neonatal period? (2)
1. Haemolysis | 2. Gilbert syndrome
26
What are the less common causes of Jaundice beyond neonatal period? (3)
1. Infectious hepatitis - HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV 2. Metabolic disorders 3. Gallstones
27
What are the common causes of Itchy rash/itchy nose (atopy)? (3)
1. Food allergy 2. Eczema 3. Allergic rhinitis
28
What are the less common causes of Itchy rash/itchy nose (atopy)? (3)
1. Drug reaction (incl. Steven-Johnson) 2. Urticaria 3. Anaphylaxis
29
What are the common causes of ENT & eye problems? (3)
1. Otitis media and externa 2. Conjunctivitis (infectious, allergic inflammatory) 3. Pharyngitis
30
What are the less common causes of ENT & eye problems? (5)
1. Foreign body injury 2. Sinusitis/mastoiditis 3. Periorbital cellulitis 4. Orbital cellulitis 5. Retinoblastoma
31
What are the common causes of Lumps and bumps? (3)
1. Lymphadenopathy 2. Bruising 3. Hernias
32
What are the less common causes of Lumps and bumps? (3)
1. Solid tumours 2. Pregnancy 3. Rickets (Swollen wrist/ribs)
33
What are the common causes of dysuria, haematuria, polyuria? (3)
1. UTI 2. Enuresis 3. DM
34
What are the less common caues of dysuria, haematuria, polyuria? (2)
1. Nephritic syndrome | 2. Renal stones

Paediatrics (7 decks)

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