General Physiology UNIT II

Question 1

the ability of living organisms to maintain a
stable and relatively constant internal
environment despite external changes.

Answer 1

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 2

involves the regulation of various physiological variables, such as
temperature, pH, blood glucose levels, and ion concentrations, within a narrow and optimal range.

Answer 2

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 3

Red eared slider turtle below 28C

Answer 3

MALE

Question 4

Red eared slider turtle above 31C

Answer 4

FEMALE

Question 5

There is a specific set point or target value for each regulated variable. This set point represents the ideal or optimal level of the variable.

Answer 5

SET POINT

Question 6

Organisms have specialized sensors or receptors that continuously monitor the internal
conditions and detect any deviations from the set point.

Answer 6

SENSORS OR RECEPTOR

Question 7

Control centers, often located in the
brain or other central nervous system
structures, receive and process information from the sensors.

Answer 7

CONTROL CENTER

Question 8

are the organs, tissues, or cells that
carry out the control center’s commands.

Answer 8

EFFECTORS

Question 9

Homeostasis is typically maintained through
feedback loops, which are self-regulating mechanisms.

Answer 9

FEEDBACK LOOPS

Question 10

any deviation from the set point triggers a response that opposes or counteracts the deviation, bringing the variable back towards the set point.

Answer 10

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Question 11

the response amplifies the initial
deviation from the set point, rather than opposing it.

Answer 11

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

Question 12

Homeostasis is maintained through different control systems in our body, including feedback loops, hormones, and the nervous system.

Answer 12

CONTROL SYSTEM

Question 13

One of the primary mechanisms feedback loop, where the body detects and responds to deviations from the set point to restore balance.

Answer 13

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

Question 14

In certain situations, this
feedback loops may occur, amplifying a response to achieve a specific outcome, such as blood clotting during injury.

Answer 14

POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

Question 15

It ensures that
various systems work in harmony to support our overall health and well-being.

Answer 15

BALANCE AND STABILITY

Question 16

Homeostasis enables our body to function optimally by regulating essential processes such as body temperature, blood pressure, pH levels, and nutrient levels.

Answer 16

OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING

Question 17

Is a common disorder caused by the
body’s inability to regulate blood glucose levels effectively. It can lead to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia, affecting various organ systems.

Answer 17

DIABETES

Question 18

occurs when the body fails to maintain normal blood pressure levels, leading to increased strain on the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 18

HYPERTENSION

Question 19

is a condition where the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormone, resulting in a slowdown of the body’s processes.

Answer 19

HYPOTHYROIDISM

Question 20

is the opposite of hypothyroidism, characterized by an overactive
thyroid gland, causing a accelerated
metabolism and other symptoms.

Answer 20

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Question 21

Factors like extreme Temperature, toxins, and stress can disrupt homeostasis by causing imbalances or interfering with the body’s control mechanism

Answer 21

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

Question 22

Imbalances can also arise from internal factors such as hormonal imbalances, genetic disorder or organ dysfunction

Answer 22

INTERNAL CAUSES

Question 23

Homeostasis operates in various systems throughout the human body.

Answer 23

1. Maintaining body temperature
2. regulating blood glucose levels
3. controlling blood pH, and balancing water and electrolyte levels.

Question 24

The development of stimuli as a result of physiological parameter deviations from the
normal value is the initial stage in the negative feedback loop

Answer 24

STIMULATION

Question 25

The control unit receives changes in physiological parameters through a variety of receptors located throughout the body.

Answer 25

RECEPTION

Question 26

The brain serves as the loop’s control unit, determining whether a change in a physiological parameter necessitates loop activation or inhibition.

Answer 26

PROCESSING

Question 27

The control unit sends out signals at the end of the loop to cancel out
the impacts that cause changes in physiological variables.

Answer 27

COUNTERACT ON THE STIMULUS

Question 28

allows blood surface area to be
exposed to cooler environment

Answer 28

VASOLIDATION

Question 29

Temperature Regulation

Answer 29

2.Evaporative cooling and convection cooling
3. Drop in temperature

Question 30

normal temperature is regained.

Answer 30

LESS CONVECTION