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KMK Small Guys > General Physiology > Flashcards

General Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Environments

  • intracellular
  • extracellular
A

I: K+, mostly water

E: Na+, blood plasma + interstitial fluid

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2
Q

Membrane potential

  • function of
  • normal
A

Electrical charge and chemical concentration gradient

-90mV (same as equilibrium potential)
[K+] within cell > ECF

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3
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-65 to -85mV

Due to pumps: 2K+ in, 3Na+ out

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4
Q

Depolarization
Hyperpolarization
Action potential

A

Depol = inside cell becomes more positive than resting state, due to influx of Na+

Hyperpol: inside cell becomes less positive than resting state, due to efflux of Na+

AP: when membrane is depolarized beyond a certain threshold

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5
Q

Adrenoreceptor actions

A

Alpha1: incr IP3 = incr Ca2+

Alpha2: inhibits adenylyl cyclase = decr cAMP

Beta1: stimulates adenylyl cyclase = incr cAMP

Beta2: stimulates adenylyl cyclase = incr cAMP

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6
Q

Cholinoreceptor actions

A

Nicotinic: opens Na+/K+ channels = depol

Muscarinic: incr IP3 = incr Ca2+

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7
Q

Body fluids

  • intracellular
  • extracellular
A

ICF: 25L = K+

ECF: 15L

  • 12L interstitial fluid = Na+
  • 3L plasma = Na+ and protein

ICF and ECF have same osmolality, ICF slight more acidic

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8
Q

Diffusion is a form of __ and utilizes __ energy from molecules

A

Passive transport

Thermal energy

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9
Q

Simple diffusion

  • inorganic ions
  • steroid hormones and other lipids
A

Specific channels

Pass straight thru

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10
Q

Which part of the lungs are innervated by B2

A

Conducting zone

  • upper airways, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
  • warms and humidifies
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11
Q

Normal to elevated FEV1/FVC ratio

A

Restrictive lung dz

-toxo, histo, sarcoid

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12
Q

Dead space

  • anatomic
  • functional
  • physiologic
A

A: in conducting zone (bronchi/oles)
F: in alveoli
P: anatomic + functional

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13
Q

Area of lungs with highest blood flow and oxygen exchange

A

Base of lungs

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14
Q

CO2 in the body

A

20x more CO2 than oxygen in our body, 90% as bicarb

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15
Q

Emphysema - really basic

A

Decr surface area of lungs

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16
Q

Hemoglobin binding oxygen

A

Cooperative - once one O2 molecule binds, it can more easily bind to additional O2 molecules
-sigmoidal shape of oxygen dissociation curve
—shift right = less capable of binding O2 (e.g. decr pH, incr temp/CO2)
—shift left = more readily binds O2 (e.g. incr pH, decr temp/CO2)

17
Q

Breathing control

A

Neural and chemical

  • N: medulla oblongata
  • C: carotid and aortic bodies, via pH (O2/CO2 levels)
18
Q

ERG

  • systole
  • diastole
A

S: Q-T

D: T-R

19
Q

Heart sounds

  • S1
  • S2
A

S1: mitral, tricuspid close

S2: aortic, pulmonary close

“Try My
Apple Pie”

20
Q

Action potentials

  • fast myocardial
  • slow myocardial
A

Fast: everywhere but SA/AV nodes; Na+, K+

Slow: SA/AV nodes; Ca2+

21
Q

Starling forces

A

(-Jv) Favors absorption (into BV): capillary oncotic pressure, tissue hydrostatic pressure

(+Jv) Favors filtration (into tissue): tissue oncotic pressure, capillary hydrostatic pressure

22
Q

BP neural regulators: baroreceptors

A 
Aortic arch (CN10)
Carotid sinuses (CN 9)

Via SNS

To medulla oblongata

23
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

Strove volume x heart rate

24
Q

Affects of digitalis

A

Incr intracellular Na+ = incr stroke volume + contractility

25
Q

Kidney filtration rate

A

Avg 180L/day (45 gallons)

Only 1-2L excreted in urine, 99% reabsorbed

Norm pH 4-7

26
Q

Nephron

  • where urine is concentrated, no diuretics work here
  • water cannot leave
A

Desc loop

Asc loop

27
Q

Key words

  • skeletal musc
  • smooth musc
A

Skeletal = striated, sarcomeres

Smooth = extensive gap junctions = uniform contraction

Cardiac has both qualities

28
Q

Stomach secretions

  • neck cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • G cells
A

Neck: mucous

Parietal: HCl, intrinsic factor

Chief: pepsinogen (pepsin precursor)

G: gastrin

KMK Small Guys (4 decks)

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