General Pharm 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Drugs that work on bacterial 30s subunit work by stopping….
A
protein synthesis
2
Q
Examples of drug classes inhibiting the 30s subunit
A
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
3
Q
Drugs that work on bacterial 50s subunit work by stopping…..
A
protein synthesis
4
Q
Examples of drugs that inhibit 50s subunit
A
chloramphenicol
macrolides- erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
clindamycin, lincomycin
5
Q
Drugs to treat MRSA
A
Bactrim
Clindamycin
Doxycycline
6
Q
Antibiotics to be taken on an empty stomach
A
Penicillin
Azithromycin
Tetracycline
7
Q
Antibiotics contraindicated during pregnancy
A
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
8
Q
Antibiotics to be used during pregnancy
A
Penicillin
Azithromycin
Cephalosporins
9
Q
SE most common for antibiotics
A
GI effects
10
Q
Bacitracin MOA and Use
A
Gram +
inhibits peptidoglycan
blepharitis
11
Q
Polysporin Components
A
Bacitracin + Polymyxin B
Gram +/-
12
Q
Components of Neosporin
A
Bacitracin + Polymyxin B + Neomycin
Gram +/-
more SE
13
Q
Penicillin MOA
A
inhibit transpeptidase
14
Q
Examples of Penicillin
A
amoxicillin
dicloxacillin
15
Q
Amoxicillin
Use
A
more gram -/ +
combined with clavulonic acid to be resistant to penicillinase- Augmentin
hordeolum, preseptal cellulitis
16
Q
Dicloxacillin
Use
A
Gram +
resistant to penicillinase
hordeola, preseptal cellulitis
17
Q
DOC for methicillin sensitive Staph infections
MSSA
A
Dicloxacillin
18
Q
SE of Penicillins
A
hypersensitivity reactions
Stephens Johnson Syndrome- amoxicillin
safe in pregnancy
19
Q
Pts allergic to penicillins can also be allergic to…..
A
cephalosporins
beta lactam ring- 6- ceph; 5- pen
20
Q
MOA of Cephalosporins
A
inhibit transpeptidase
21
Q
Examples of Cephalosporins
A
Cephalexin (Keflex) 1st
Ceftriaxone 3rd
22
Q
Cephalexin
Keflex
A
1st gen- Gram +
dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis, preseptal cellulitis
23
Q
Cephtriaxone Use
A
3rd gen- Gram +/-
gonorrhea conjunctivitis, orbital cellulitis
24
Q
SE of Cephalosporins
A
hypersensitivity
alters absorption of Vit K- blood thinning
25
Cephalosporins are contraindicated if Pt is taking.....
blood thinners
26
Aminoglycoside MOA
stop protein synthesis by binding 30s
27
Examples of Aminoglycosides
gentamycin
| tobramycin
28
Indications for Aminoglycosides
Gram -/+
| with fortified cefazolin for sight threatening corneal ulcers
29
Tobradex components and use
tobramycin + dexamethasone
| staph marginal keratitis, corneal infiltrates
30
SE of Aminoglycosides
SPK
31
MOA of Tetracyclines
inhibit protein synthesis by binding 30s
32
Examples of Tetracyclines
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline
33
Doxycycline use
meibomianitis, acne rosacea
chlamydia
RCE
34
Contraindications for Tetracyclines
renal failure- except Doycycline
| pregnancy, children
35
SE for Tetracyclines
pseudotumor cerebri
bone growth retardation
teeth discoloration
blue sclera/ conjunctival pigmented cysts- minocycline
36
Examples of 50s blockers
chloramphenicol
macrolides- erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
lincomycin, clindamycin
37
Chloramphenicol SE
aplastic anemia- death
| optic neuritis
38
Oral Azithromycin
chlamydial conjunctivitis- single 1g dose
39
Topical Azithromycin Use
bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis
40
Topical Erythromycin Use
prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
41
Azithromycin and Contacts
topical Azasite has BAK- discontinue CL wear
42
Clindamycin Use
Methicillin resistant Staph aureus
| MRSA
43
Sulfonamide MOA
inhibit dihydropteroate synthase- first step of folic acid synthesis
44
Sulfonamide Examples
sulfa-
45
Sulfadiazine Use
w/ pyrimethamine for toxoplasmosis
46
SE of Sulfonamides
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
myopic shift
kernicterus in infants- no pregnancy
47
Bactrim components and use
Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
| MRSA
48
Trimethoprim MOA
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase- second step of folic acid synthesis
49
Pyrimethamine MOA
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase- second step of folic acid synthesis
50
Trimethoprim can be used to make....
+ sulfamethoxazole = Bactrim
| + Polymixin B = Polytrim
51
Pyrimethamine Use
ocular toxoplasmosis
52
MOA of Fluoroquinolones
inhibit DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase 4
53
Examples of Fluoroquinolones
2nd- ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
3rd- levofloxacin
4th- gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin
54
SE of Oral Trimethoprim/ Pyrimethamine
bone marrow suppression- Aplastic anemia
55
Fluoroquinolone Gram +/- scale
2nd more -
| 4 more +/-
56
Fluoroquinolone Use
CL related ulcers
corneal abrasions
bacterial conjunctivitis
57
Oral Fluoroquinolone SE
tendinitis
58
Contraindications for Oral Fluoroquinolones
pregnant
| under 18
59
Topical Fluoroquinolones can all be used at age 1 except.....
levofloxacin
60
Ciproflaxacin Use
UTIs
61
Moxifloxacin Use
pseumonia, sinusitis, intra-abdominal and skin infections
62
Meds for Tuberculosis
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide (no)
Ethambutol
63
TB drugs used in isolation
Rifampin
| Isoniazid
64
Latent vs Active TB infection management
L- 1
| A- 2-3
65
Rifampin MOA
binds to RNA polymerase to prevent RNA synthesis
66
SE of Rifampin
Hepatotoxicity
| orange/ pink tears and urine
67
Isoniazid MOA
inhibits mycolic acid synthesis- stops cell wall synthesis
68
Isoniazid SE
hepatotoxicity
Vit B6 deficiency
optic neuritis
69
Ethambutol MOA
inhibits arabinosyl transferase- stops cell wall synthesis
70
SE of Ethambutol
retrobulbar and bilateral optic neuritis
71
Oseltamivir MOA
| Tamiflu
inhibits neuraminidase
72
SE of Oseltamivir
| Tamiflu
Conjunctivitis (very rare)
73
```
Zidovudine Use
(Retrovir)
```
HIV
74
```
Zidovudine MOA
(Retrovir)
```
inhibits reverse transcriptase- no DNA
75
SE of Zidovudine
| Retrovir
bone marrow suppression
| amblyopia and macular edema
76
Ribivirin MOA
inhibits viral RNA polymerase
77
Ribivirin Use
Hep C
78
SE of Ribivirin
| RIBAViriN
```
conjunctivitis
RD
Ischemia- CWS
Bleeding- retinal hemes
A and V occlusion
optic Neuritis
```
79
Ribivirin is normally combined with....
Interferon
80
Herpes drugs MOA
inhibit DNA Polymerase
81
Trifluridine Use and MOA
| Viroptic
herpes simplex keratitis
| inhibit DNA Polymerase
82
Preservative used in Trifluridine (Viroptic)
Thimerosol
83
Use for Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
cold sores, genital sores, shingles
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
prophylaxis and tx for HSV keratitis
84
Contraindications for
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
elderly or immunocompromised
| renal and liver disease
85
MOA of
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
Inh DNA Polymerase
86
Ganciclovir (Zirgan) vs Trifluridine (Viroptic)
BAK- less corneal toxicity than thimerosol
| 5x a day dose vs 8x
87
Ganciclovir Use
| Zirgan
CMV retinitis
| HSV keratitis
88
Ganciclovir MOA
| Zirgan
Inhibit DNA polymerase
89
Foscarnet Use
backup to ganciclovir for CMV retinitis or to acyclovir for HSV
90
Natamycin MOA
binds to ergosterol and forms pores in fungal cell membrane
91
Natamycin Use
fungal blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis
| only FDA topical antifungal
92
Amphotericin B MOA
binds to ergosterol and forms pores in fungal cell membrane
93
Amphotericin B Use
```
fungal keratitis (topical)
systemic and intraocular fungal infections (IV)
```
94
IV Amphotericin B SE
nephrotoxicity
95
Nystatin MOA
binds to ergosterol and forms pores in fungal cell membrane
96
Nystatin Use
Candida oral and vaginal infections
97
Ketoconazole MOA
Fluconazole
Miconazole
(-Azole)
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
98
Ketoconazole Use
oral for severe fungal corneal ulcers, systemic infections
| acanthamoeba
99
SE of Azoles
hepatotoxicity
100
Griseofulvin MOA
inhibits fungal mitosis by stopping microtubule formation
101
Griseofulvin Use
fungal infections of scalp, skin, nails
102
Chloroquine MOA
build up of heme- toxic to plasmodium parasite
| inhibits phospholipase A to decrease inflammation
103
Chloroquine Use
malaria
| lupus, RA
104
SE of Chloroquine
RPE mottling-> bulls eye maculopathy- hyperpigmentation surrounded by depigmentation
whorl keratopathy
105
Chloroquine causes bulls eye maculopathy by....
binding to melanin in RPE and causing damage and RPE shift to ONL and OPL
106
Dosing Chloroquine
under 3mg/kg of ideal body weight or under 2.3 of real body weight
107
Lindane Use
| Kwell
lice and scabies
108
SE of Lindane (Kwell)
conjunctivitis if gets in eyes
109
Hydroxychloroquine MOA
inhibits phospholipase A2 and causes buildup of heme
110
Hydroxychloroquine Use
lupus
RA
malaria
111
SE of Hydroxychloroquine
whorl keratopathy
| bulls eye maculopathy
112
Dosing Hydroxychloroquine
under 400 mg/day or 5 mg/kg real body weight
113
Steroid Examples
- lone
| - sone
114
MOA of Steroids
inhibits Phospholipase A2
115
SE of Steroids
insulin resistance, immune suppression, poor wound healing
| PSC cataracts, glaucoma
116
Steroids should be used with caution in.....
pregnancy
peptic ulcer disease
diabetes
117
Hydrocortisone Use
adrenal insufficiency
118
Triamcinolone Use
| Kenalog
DME, Grave's orbitopathy, post uveitis, chalazion, recalcitrant Irvine Gass, CME
119
SE of Triamcinolone
elevated IOP
| depigmentation of eyelid in dark skinned patients
120
Fluticasone Use
| Flonase
intranasal steroid for allergic rhinitis
121
Aspirin MOA
salicylic acid that irreversibly blocks Cox1 and Cox2
122
SE of Aspirin
GI effects
bleeding in the eye
Reye's Syndrome in kids
123
Indomethacin Use
NSAID for Gout
124
Examples of reversible NSAIDs
indomethacin
ibuprofen (advil/ motrin)
naproxen
piroxicam
125
Use of reversible NSAIDs
scleritis, episcleritis
126
SE of NSAIDs
GI bleeding
| fatal MI, stroke
127
NSAID Contraindications
heart disease- aspirin instead
128
SE of Indomethacin
pigmentary retinopathy
| whorl keratopathy
129
Misoprostol MOA and Use
synthetic prostaglandin E1- like PGE2
| protects stomach lining- for NSAID ulcers
130
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
selective Cox2 inhibitor
| protects gastric linings
131
SE of Celecoxib
conjunctivitis, blurry vision, Stephens Johnson Syndrome
132
```
Pseudoephedrine MOA
(Sudafed)
```
nonspecific a and B receptor agonist
133
```
Pseudoephedrine Use
(Sudafed)
```
colds
| making meth
134
SE of Pseudoephedrine
| Sudafed
diplopia and blurred vision
| caution if have increased IOP (B2)
135
Examples of 1st gen Antihistamines (H1 blockers)
```
-Phen-
diphenhydramine
chlorpheniramine
brompheniramine
promethazine
```
136
MOA of 1st gen Antihistamines
block H1 receptors
137
Use of 1st gen Antihistamines
allergic skin reactions
138
SE of 1st gen Antihistamines
mydriasis, dry eyes, dry mouth, tachycardia
| drowsy- crosses BBB
139
SE of Promethazine (Phenergan)
pigmentation of cornea, lens, and retina
140
Examples of 2nd Gen Antihistamines
Loratadine (Claritin)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
141
Use of 2nd Gen Antihistamines
allergic rhinitis and chronic uticaria
142
SE of Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
oculogyric crisis- abnormal EOM contractions
143
Examples of H2 Blockers
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
144
H2 blockers MOA
prevent histamine stimulation of gastric acid by blocking H2 on parietal cells
145
H2 blocker Use
stomach ulcers and acid reflux
146
SE of H2 blockers
gynecomastia and loss of libido
147
Proton Pump Inhibitor MOA
inhibit H+/K+ ATPase pumps
148
Proton Pump Inhibitor Examples
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
No Protons
149
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use
first line for peptic ulcer disease and GERD
150
Sucralfate MOA
protects stomach lining by binding to + charged proteins and damaged ulcer tissue
151
SE of Sucralfate
affects absorption- take 2 hours after other meds
