General pathophysiology - hematologic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common erythrocyte disorder?

A

anemia

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2
Q

splenic contraction causes

A

rapid changes in RBC distribution by releasing a concentrated bolus of stored RBCs.

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3
Q

what do Cold hemagglutinin disease, Blood parasites and methemoglobinemia have in common?

A

they all cause hemolytic anemia

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4
Q

Hydration status is usually evaluated by considering

A

plasma protein (PP) concentration and PCV in combination.

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5
Q

2 main points for completing an anemia diagnosis

A
  1. determine the severity of the anemia
  2. determine the boen marrow responsiveness
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6
Q

a mild anemia in a dog is how much?

A

over 30% PCV but under species norm

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7
Q

a mild anemia in a cat is how much?

A

over 20% but under species norm

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8
Q

In what 4 situations would no reticulocytosis or polychromasia be expected

A
  1. no anemia, blood normals
  2. nonregenerative anemia
  3. during the first 2-3 days of onset of regenerative anemia
  4. during a mild anemia which will not stimulate much reticulocytosis
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9
Q

Reticulocytosis and polychromasia peak when?

A

4-5 days after onset of anemia if bone marrow function is normal

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10
Q

how much is marked canine reticulocytosis?

A

> 500,000 /ul

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11
Q

how much is marked feline reticulocytosis?

A

> 200,000 /ul

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12
Q

What diagnostic tool/result is best proof of intravascular hemoolytic anemia?

A

hemoglobinuria

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13
Q

Reticulocyte quantitation in blood is the most consistent way to evaluate what?

A

the strength of erythropoiesis

but time after onset and magnitude of reticulocytosis must be considered in conjunction

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14
Q

a reticulocyte count should be performed when the pcv is less than how much in dogs?

A

30%

so a moderate or severe anemia

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15
Q

a reticulocyte count should be performed when the pcv is less than how much in cats?

A

20%

so a moderate or severe anemia

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16
Q

Feline reticulocytes are subdivided into

A

aggregate and punctate forms.

17
Q

What is a punctate reticulocyte?

A

Punctate reticulocytes are more mature with small amounts of RNA that form small blue dots.

Aggregate reticulocytes mature rapidly in about half a day into punctate reticulocytes. Punctate reticulocytes mature slowly over 10
to 12 days and thus accumulate in blood in much greater numbers than do aggregate reticulocytes.

18
Q

What are aggregate reticulocytes?

A

Aggregate reticulocytes are less mature with large amounts of RNA that form dark blue clumps or strands.

Aggregate reticulocytes mature rapidly in about half a day into punctate reticulocytes. Punctate reticulocytes mature slowly over 10
to 12 days and thus accumulate in blood in much greater numbers than do aggregate reticulocytes.

19
Q

Canine polychromatophils are

A

reticulocytes, and polychromasia indicates reticulocytosis.

Polychromatophilic refers to multiple (“poly”) colors because of the
orange staining of hemoglobin plus the blue staining of RNA.

20
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Larger-than-normal RBCs (i.e., macrocytes)

21
Q

primary caus of macrocytosis

A

reticulocytosis, espesh 4/5 days after onset of anemia
macrocytosis identified by MCV in labs

other causes: long edta tube storage, breed-associated, FeLV

22
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in RBC size

described by RDW and HDW in labs

23
Q

Common cause of anisocytosis

A

regenerative anemia with release of immature macrocytes

24
Q

siderocytes

A

abnormal RBCs with basophilic granules/ stippling

indicate abnormal eythropoiesis

25
Q

sideroblast

A

are nucleated erythroid cells in bone marrow with iron positive granules

abnormal ones have bigger and more granules

26
Q

norocytic normochromic anemia is what

A

nonregenerative aniemia with too few reticulocuytes/macrocytes to increase the MCV

27
Q

macrocytic hypochromic anemia is

A

typically regernative anemia with reticulocytes causing the increased MCV

reticulocytes are hypochromic (decreased MCHC) because they have not compelte hemoglobin synthesis.

28
Q

macrocytic normochromic anemia

A

usually occurs in regen. anemia.

MCV > 80 fl

29
Q

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia

A

usually diagnostic for iron deficiency

low MCV
low MCHC

common in dogs with portosystemic shunt

30
Q

left of at REGENERATIVE ANEMIA, hematological disorders document

A